Switching From Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate to Tenofovir Alafenamide for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Preexposure Prophylaxis at a Boston Community Health Center.

Background: Efforts to end the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic may be threatened if limited preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) resources are funneled from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) to tenofovir alafenamide with emtricitabine (TAF/FTC) without proportional clinical benefits.

Methods: The study population was patients at a Boston community health center who were assigned male sex at birth, aged ≥18 years, and prescribed TDF/FTC for PrEP in the 12 months before TAF/FTC approval (October 2019). We determined the frequency of switching to TAF/FTC in the 12 months after approval, including clinically indicated switching (ie, creatinine clearance <60 mL/minute or reduced bone density), potentially unnecessary switching (ie, no indications for switching and no cardiovascular risk factors), and potentially harmful switching (ie, no indications for switching and either obesity or dyslipidemia).

Brief Report: "I Didn't Really Have a Primary Care Provider Until I Got PrEP": Patients' Perspectives on HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis as a Gateway to Health Care.

Background: HIV prevention is the primary goal of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP); however, ancillary benefits may exist, including PrEP as an entry point to primary care.

Objective: To explore PrEP users' perspectives on how PrEP use relates to broader engagement in health care.

Design: In-depth qualitative interviews.

HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis and Sexual Satisfaction Among Men Who Have Sex With Men.

In this large online survey of primarily men who have sex with men, those who used preexposure prophylaxis reported greater sexual satisfaction than did nonusers, including sexual sensations, sexual presence/awareness, and sexual exchange. Person-centered care and messaging may require acknowledging that some people use preexposure prophylaxis for reasons beyond HIV prevention.

Patient-Led Decision-Making for HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis.

Purpose Of Review: Shared decision-making is a process that involves bidirectional exchange of information between patients and providers to support patients in making individualized, evidence-based decisions about their healthcare. We review the evidence on patient-led decision-making, a form of shared decision-making that maximizes patient autonomy, as a framework for decisions about HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We also assess the likelihood that patient-led decision-making occurs for PrEP and describe interventions to facilitate this process.

Associations Among HIV Risk Perception, Sexual Health Efficacy, and Intent to Use PrEP Among Women: An Application of the Risk Perception Attitude Framework.

HIV risk perception is a known determinant of HIV prevention behaviors among vulnerable populations. Lesser known is the combined influence of risk perception and efficacy beliefs on PrEP use. We examined the associations between levels of risk perception and strength of efficacy beliefs on intent to use PrEP in a sample of adult Black and Latina women.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for HIV Prevention: Emerging Approaches to Ending the Epidemic.

Purpose Of Review: We review applications of artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML), in the field of HIV prevention.

Recent Findings: ML approaches have been used to identify potential candidates for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in healthcare settings in the USA and Denmark and in a population-based research setting in Eastern Africa. Although still in the proof-of-concept stage, other applications include ML with smartphone-collected and social media data to promote real-time HIV risk reduction, virtual reality tools to facilitate HIV serodisclosure, and chatbots for HIV education.

Nondaily Use of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis in a Large Online Survey of Primarily Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States.

Background: Event-driven dosing of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using a 2-1-1 regimen is efficacious for men who have sex with men (MSM). However, data are limited on the prevalence, correlates, and patterns of nondaily PrEP use in the United States.

Setting: Nationwide online survey.

Perceived HIV risk as a predictor of sexual risk behaviors and discrimination among high-risk women.

HIV risk perception and discrimination are important determinants of HIV prevention among vulnerable populations. Using Detroit's 2016 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) Survey, we evaluated demographic variables, risk behaviors, and perception of HIV stigma and discrimination stratified by perceived HIV risk (high, medium, low) in a sample of high-risk women. Significant variables were identified using Pearson Chi-squared tests and one-way analysis of variance tests.

The Impact of Traumatic Experiences on Risky Sexual Behaviors in Black and White Young Adult Women.

Background: Trauma exposure has been linked to risky sexual behavior (RSB), but few studies have examined the impact of distinct trauma types on RSB in one model or how the association with trauma and RSB may differ across race.

Purpose: The objective of the current study was to examine the contribution of trauma exposure types to RSB-substance-related RSB and partner-related RSB identified through factor analysis-in young Black and White adult women.

Methods: We investigated the associations of multiple trauma types and RSB factor scores in participants from a general population sample of young adult female twins (n = 2,948).

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: The Effects Are More Than Skin Deep.

Objectives: To assess the psychosocial effects of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) diagnosis on the households of children with MRSA skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI).

Study Design: We constructed and administered an interview to the primary caregiver within the home of a child with a history of MRSA SSTI.

Results: Seventy-six households were enrolled.

Adolescent Neighborhood Environments and Latino Intraethnic Disparities in Trajectories of Serious Violent Behaviors.

The purpose of this study was to describe the longitudinal trajectories of risk for serious violent behaviors among Latinos of different ancestry in the United States and to examine the impact of neighborhood perceptions, socioeconomic status (SES), and racial/ethnic and immigrant concentration during adolescence in long-term risk. Guided by sociological theories and life-course frameworks, we utilized data from Mexican ( = 755), Cuban ( = 182), Puerto Rican ( = 219), and other Latino ( = 289) respondents who participated in all waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Stratified, weighted, multilevel growth curve models were conducted in Stata 14 MP to determine unadjusted and adjusted trajectories between 13 and 32 years of age for each ancestry group by sex.

Community Violence Exposure and Risk Taking Behaviors Among Black Emerging Adults: A Systematic Review.

Black emerging adults ages 18-29, particularly those residing in predominantly black urban communities, are at risk for community violence exposure (CVE). This potentially traumatic event may induce traumatic stress reactions for black emerging adults that contribute to their engagement in violence perpetration, substance use and/or sexual risk-taking behaviors as a way to cope with their experiences. To address these identified concerns and make recommendations for future research, this article identifies and synthesizes results from studies that have examined CVE and its association with violence perpetration, substance use, and sexual risk-taking behaviors among black emerging adults.

"Down in the Sewers": Perceptions of Depression and Depression Care Among African American Men.

Depression is one of the most common, costly, and debilitating psychiatric disorders in the United States. One of the most persistent mental health disparities is the underutilization of treatment services among African American men with depression. Little is known about appropriateness or acceptability of depression care among African American men.

"Racism?!?… Just Look at Our Neighborhoods": Views on Racial Discrimination and Coping Among African American Men in Saint Louis.

Recent events in Ferguson underscore the need to better understand the unique challenges, stressors, and coping mechanisms of African American men. To this end, a focus group study was conducted in Saint Louis, a few miles from Ferguson. Although numerous stress-related themes were discussed, racial discrimination and structural racism emerged as pervasive stressors among these men.

Vile vigilance: An integrated theoretical framework for understanding the state of Black surveillance.

The family is the principal source of socialization and protection against racism for many Blacks. Transmitting values, norms, morals, and beliefs (i.e.