The primary structure of genetic variants of mouse hemoglobin.

The primary structures of the alpha globins from CE/J, DBA/2J, and a stock of Potter's mice were determined to identify the amino acid substitutions associated with the unique isoelectric focusing patterns of these hemoglobins. In addition, the primary structures of the alpha globins from MOL III and PERU mice were studied in search of amino acid substitutions that may not be detected by isoelectric focusing. CE/J hemoglobin contains a unique kind of alpha globin called chain 5.

Cholesterol kinetics in control and hypercholesterolemic foxhounds.

Foxhounds were made hypercholesterolemic by thyroidectomy and cholesterol feeding. Tracer cholesterol was administered orally, and i.v.

Transposable elements controlling genetic instabilities in mammals.

It is proposed that the instabilities in gene action of some alleles at certain loci in the mouse (e.g., a, c, H-2 Mi, p, pe, T, Va, W), which do not seem to conform to traditional hypotheses of gene action, are better interpretable in the light of modern studies of transposable DNA elements (insertion sequences and transposons of prokaryotic organisms; controlling elements of maize; transposable controlling elements of Drosophila).

Deletions in the alpha-globin gene complex in alpha-thalassemic mice.

Three induced, heritable mutations in the mouse cause alpha-thalassemias. The adult alpha-globin genes on each mutant chromosome are no longer expressed. Embryos heterozygous for one normal and any of the three mutant chromosomes also seem to be deficient in embryonic alpha-globin-like x-globin, suggesting that the x-globin gene is nearby and also inactivated.

Mouse alpha-globin genes and alpha-globin-like pseudogenes are not syntenic.

A genetic polymorphism for a Bgl I endonuclease site near the alpha-globin-like pseudogene alpha-4 of C57BL/6 and C3H/HeN mice was used to show that alpha-4 was not affected by three independent mutations in which the adult globin genes alpha-1 and alpha-2 were deleted. These results indicated that alpha-4 might not be located adjacent to the adult alpha-globin genes on chromosome 11. Restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA of a primary clone of a Chinese hamster--mouse somatic cell hybrid that had lost mouse chromosomes 11 and 18 showed that this clone lacked the adult murine globin genes alpha-1 and alpha-2 but it did contain the alpha-globin-like pseudogenes alpha-3 and alpha-4.

Three mouse models of human thalassemia.

Three types of mice with globin gene mutations, called 352HB, 27HB, and Hbath-J, appear to be true animal models of human thalassemia. Expression of the alpha-globin genes in three stocks of mice, each one heterozygous for one of the alpha-globin mutations, was examined at the polypeptide, RNA, and DNA levels. alpha-Globin polypeptide chains, relative to beta-globin chains in heterozygous thalassemic mice, are present at approximately 80% of normal.

Placenta on pups' skin accelerates onset of maternal behaviour in non-pregnant rats.

Previous research has indicated that virgin rats (Rattus norvegicus) behave maternally (sensitize) more rapidly in close proximity with pups. Since both parturient rats and a large percentage of virgin rats avidly consume placenta, we tested whether placenta and amnionic fluid, pups and therefore hasten the onset of maternal behaviour. The results indicated that the procedure indeed shortened the maternal sensitization latency.

The effect of contraceptive steroids on the incorporation of U14C-glucose into porcine aortic lipids.

The in vitro effect of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (E) and/or medroxy progesterone acetate (P) was determined on their abilities to alter conversion of glucose to lipid by porcine aorta. The combination of steroidal agents EP/HI (combination at high concentration) at a concentration of 9.5 X 10(-9) moles/ml caused a significant (p less than 0.

Use of Sep-pak cartridges for urinary steroid extraction: evaluation of the method for use prior to gas chromatographic analysis.

A method is described for the rapid and quantitative extraction of free and conjugated steroids from urine using Sep-pak C18 cartridges. The method was evaluated by determining the efficiency of recovery of (1) radiolabeled steroid glucuronides, (2) radiolabeled steroids freed by enzymatic hydrolysis, (3) steroid sulphates, (4) selected reference neutral free steroids of varied structure and polarity, and (5) oestrogens. In all cases the cartridges gave results equal to or better than those obtained by solvent or Amberlite XAD-2 extraction methods.

The use of cancellous bone for closure of oroantral and oronasal defects.

Two patients who were successfully treated with cancellous bone grafts for closure of large oroantral or oronasal defects have been presented. In attempting closure of such large defects, it is important to follow certain principles. The oral, antral, and nasal mucosa must be free of infection and inflammation, continuity must exist between the oroantral and oronasal mucosa, and water-tight closure of the oroantral and oronasal flaps must be achieved.

Linkage of genes for adult alpha-globin and embryonic alpha-like globin chains.

In alpha-thalassemia, the genetic locus for the alpha chains of adult hemoglobin is not expressed. We have examined the hemoglobins of a number of individual mouse embryos heterozygous for a particular alpha-thalassemia (Hbath-J) and find no decrease in the proportion of hemoglobins containing the alpha chain as compared to the hemoglobin containing the alpha-like embryonic globin chain. This result suggests that the locus for this embryonic alpha-like chain is inactivated or deleted in these embryos as well.

Effects of tolbutamide and glyburide on glucose and acetate incorporation into aortic lipids of the dog.

The use of oral hypoglycemic agents to treat adult-onset diabetes has been implicated in an increased incidence of cardiovascular mortality. Since it is likely that altered arterial wall metabolism plays an important role in the atherogenic process and in cardiovascular disease, the primary aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro effects of two oral hypoglycemic agents (tolbutamide and glyburide) on glucose and acetate incorporation into aortic lipids of the dog. Tolbutamide resulted in a significantly increased incorporation of glucose in total lipids, phospholipids and fatty acids of aorta, but had no apparent effect on acetate incorporation into aortic lipids.