Caregiver Experiences with Prescribed Antibiotic Access After a Pediatric Emergency Department Visit: A Qualitative Study.

Objective: Approximately one third of caregivers do not obtain a prescribed medication after their child's pediatric emergency department visit. We sought to explore the facilitators and barriers that caregivers experience in accessing prescribed antibiotics after their child's pediatric emergency department visit.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with caregivers of children who presented to a quaternary academic pediatric emergency department and were discharged with prescribed antibiotics.

Using cluster analysis to explore COVID-19 vaccine booster hesitancy by levels of medical mistrust in fully vaccinated US adults.

Background: Underlying causes of vaccine hesitancy could significantly affect successful uptake of the SARS-CoV2 vaccine booster doses during new waves of COVID-19. Booster rates among US adults are far below what is needed for immunity, but little is known about booster hesitancy among fully vaccinated adults and whether medical mistrust exacerbates barriers to uptake.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was completed among 119 adults in Philadelphia, PA who reported having received the primary SARS-CoV2 vaccine series but not a booster dose.

What Might It Mean to Embrace Emancipatory Pedagogy in Medical Education?

An emerging and important goal of professional health training and education is to develop a workforce that is equipped to address patients' social and structural determinants of health and to contribute to health equity. However, current medical education does not adequately achieve this vision. Emancipatory teaching, as described by scholars such as Paulo Freire and bell hooks, equips students with tools to identify and challenge oppressive systems.

A Scoping Review of the Literature on the Relationship Between Social and Structural Determinants of Health and Neurosurgical Outcomes.

In the present study, we performed a scoping review of the social and structural determinant of health (SSDOH)-related academic literature from neurosurgery. To identify the studies to include or consider for our systematic review, we worked with a medical librarian to develop detailed search strategies for each database. The search was limited to studies reported from January 1, 1990 to December 3, 2020.

Understanding Pediatric Caretakers' Views on Obtaining Medical Care for Low-acuity Illness.

Background: A significant proportion of low-acuity emergency department (ED) visits are by patients under 18 years of age. Results from prior interventions designed to reduce low-acuity pediatric ED use have been mixed or poorly sustained, perhaps because they were not informed by patient and caretakers' perspectives. The objective of this study was to explore caretaker decision-making processes, values, and priorities when deciding to seek care.

Evaluation and Management of Congenital Bleeding Disorders.

Patients presenting to the emergency department with acute bleeding and a history of clotting or platelet disorder present a unique challenge to the emergency physician. The severity of bleeding presentation is based on mechanism as well as factor levels: patients with factor levels greater than 5% can respond to most minor hemostatic challenges, whereas those with factor levels less than 1% bleed with minor trauma or even spontaneously. Treatment should be initiated in consultation with the patient's hematologist using medications and specific factor replacement, except in rare, life-threatening, resource-poor situations, when cryoprecipitate or activated prothrombin complex may be considerations.

Emergency Department Utilization in Children <36 Months Is Not an Independent Risk Factor for Maltreatment.

Background And Objectives: Early childhood high-frequency use (HFU) of the emergency department (ED) has been endorsed as a marker for increased risk of child maltreatment. In a prior analysis of pediatric ED (PED) visits by 16,664 children, 0-36 months old, we defined early childhood HFU (the 90th percentile) as five or more visits. The purpose of this study was to follow HFU patients to determine if they had a higher likelihood of reported maltreatment.

Frequent pediatric emergency department use in infancy and early childhood.

Objective: To define the threshold and population factors associated with pediatric emergency department (PED) use above the norm during the first 36 months of life.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of children born between 2003 and 2006, treated in a single PED within the first 36 months of life. Exclusion criteria included out-of-county residence or history of abuse or neglect.

Evaluation and management of congenital bleeding disorders.

Patients presenting to the emergency department with acute bleeding and a history of clotting or platelet disorder present a unique challenge to the emergency physician. The severity of bleeding presentation is based on mechanism as well as factor levels: patients with factor levels greater than 5% can respond to most minor hemostatic challenges, whereas those with factor levels less than 1% bleed with minor trauma or even spontaneously. Treatment should be initiated in consultation with the patient's hematologist using medications and specific factor replacement, except in rare, life-threatening, resource-poor situations, when cryoprecipitate or activated prothrombin complex may be considerations.

Standardized test mixture for the characterization of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography columns: the Phillips mix.

A novel column characterization test mixture is developed for use in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC). This mixture has been named the "Phillips mix" in honor of the late professor John B. Phillips, the father of GC x GC.