In vitro CD4(+) T cell differentiation systems have made important contributions to understanding the mechanisms underlying the differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells into effector cells with distinct biological functions. Mature CD4(+) T cells expressing CD8αα homodimers are primarily found in the intestinal mucosa of men and mice, and to a lesser extent in other tissues such as peripheral blood. Although CD4(+)CD8α(+) T cells are easily identified, very little is known about their development and immunological functions.
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