Rapid COVID-19 Testing of Symptomatic Health Care Personnel: A Strategy for Safely Maintaining the Workforce.

Determine performance characteristics and safety outcomes of two rapid COVID-19 screening methods to inform immediate return to work (RTW) decisions while (health care personnel) HCP await results of pending confirmatory laboratory test. Retrospective, occupational health quality improvement study comparing screening with rapid SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification (NAAT) and antigen test. 531 mildly symptomatic HCP screened over 16 months.

Emotional, physiological, biochemical, and behavioral responses to acute stress and uncertainty in military personnel.

Stress carries diverse implications for perceptual, cognitive, and affective functions. One population particularly susceptible to acute stress-induced cognitive changes are individuals with high-stress jobs (e.g.

Meeting report of the seventh annual Tri-Service Microbiome Consortium Symposium.

The Tri-Service Microbiome Consortium (TSMC) was founded to enhance collaboration, coordination, and communication of microbiome research among DoD organizations and to facilitate resource, material and information sharing among consortium members, which includes collaborators in academia and industry. The 2023 annual symposium was a hybrid meeting held in Washington DC on 26-27 September 2023 concurrent with the virtual attendance, with oral and poster presentations and discussions centered on microbiome-related topics within five broad thematic areas: 1) Environmental Microbiome Characterization; 2) Microbiome Analysis; 3) Human Microbiome Characterization; 4) Microbiome Engineering; and 5) In Vitro and In Vivo Microbiome Models. Collectively, the symposium provided an update on the scope of current DoD and DoD-affiliated microbiome research efforts and fostered collaborative opportunities.

NeuroCARE: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for Caregivers of Patients With Primary Malignant Brain Tumors.

Purpose: Caregivers of patients with primary malignant brain tumors (PMBT) experience significant psychological distress. We assessed the effect of a psychological intervention (NeuroCARE) on anxiety symptoms among PMBT caregivers.

Methods: We conducted a randomized trial of NeuroCARE versus usual care in PMBT caregivers with elevated anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score ≥5) within 6 months of the patient's diagnosis.

Rotational stability and visual performance of aberration-free, hydrophobic acrylic monofocal toric intraocular lens with enhanced material.

Purpose: To evaluate the rotational stability and visual performance of the enVista toric intraocular lens (IOL) (MX60ET) in cataract patients with preexisting astigmatism.

Setting: 6 U.S.

In Vitro Fermentation Shows Polyphenol and Fiber Blends Have an Additive Beneficial Effect on Gut Microbiota States.

Polyphenols and fermentable fibers have shown favorable effects on gut microbiota composition and metabolic function. However, few studies have investigated whether combining multiple fermentable fibers or polyphenols may have additive beneficial effects on gut microbial states. Here, an in vitro fermentation model, seeded with human stool combined from 30 healthy volunteers, was supplemented with blends of polyphenols (PP), dietary fibers (FB), or their combination (PPFB) to determine influence on gut bacteria growth dynamics and select metabolite changes.

Chagas disease in immunocompromised patients.

SUMMARYAs Chagas disease remains prevalent in the Americas, it is important that healthcare professionals and researchers are aware of the screening, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment recommendations for the populations of patients they care for and study. Management of infection in immunocompromised hosts is challenging, particularly because, regardless of antitrypanosomal treatment status, immunocompromised patients with Chagas disease are at risk for reactivation, which can be lethal. Evidence-based practices to prevent and manage reactivation vary depending on the type of immunocompromise.

A mixed methods partner-focused cost and budget impact analysis to deploy implementation strategies for school-based prevention.

Background: Obtaining information on implementation strategy costs and local budget impacts from multiple perspectives is essential to data-driven decision-making about resource allocation for successful evidence-based intervention delivery. This mixed methods study determines the costs and priorities of deploying Enhanced Replicating Effective Programs (REP) to implement the Michigan Model for Health™, a universal school-based prevention intervention, from key shareholder perspectives.

Methods: Our study included teachers in 8 high schools across 3 Michigan counties as part of a pilot cluster randomized trial.

Chagas Disease Diagnostic Practices at Four Major Hospital Systems in California and Texas.

Background: Chagas disease (CD) is a parasitic disease that affects ∼300 000 people living in the United States. CD leads to cardiac and/or gastrointestinal disease in up to 30% of untreated people. However, end-organ damage can be prevented with early diagnosis and antiparasitic therapy.

Adaptation of Chagas Disease Screening Recommendations for a Community of At-risk HIV in the United States.

Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is underdiagnosed in the United States. Improved screening strategies are needed, particularly for people at risk for life-threatening sequelae of CD, including people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH). Here we report results of a CD screening strategy applied at a large HIV clinic serving an at-risk population.

Preoperative Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction with a Vectored Thermal Pulsation System Prior to Extended Depth of Focus IOL Implantation.

Introduction: Patients implanted with a range-of-vision intraocular lens (IOL) (multifocal or extended depth of focus, EDOF) may be more susceptible to visual disturbances from poor tear film quality, and prophylactic treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) has been recommended. The purpose was to evaluate whether vectored thermal pulsation (LipiFlow™) treatment prior to cataract surgery with a range-of-vision IOL safely improves postoperative outcomes.

Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, open-label, crossover, multicenter study of patients with mild-to-moderate MGD and cataract.

Urinary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Treated in the "Modern Era": A Multicenter Retrospective Review.

Background: Primary urinary neuroendocrine neoplasms (U-NENs) are extremely rare thus optimal treatment is unknown. Grading and treatment are typically extrapolated from other primary sites. Since 2010, the clinical landscape for NENs has changed substantially.

Integrated Genomic and Clinicopathologic Approach Distinguishes Pancreatic Grade 3 Neuroendocrine Tumor From Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Identifies a Subset With Molecular Overlap.

Distinguishing grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (G3 PanNET) from neuroendocrine carcinoma (PanNEC) is a known diagnostic challenge, and accurate classification is critical because clinical behavior and therapies differ. Although current recommendations suggest that immunohistochemistry for p53, Rb, ATRX, and DAXX can distinguish most cases, some cases remain difficult to classify using this approach. In this study, we reviewed 47 high-grade neoplasms originally diagnosed as pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.

A Rapid Nucleic Acid Amplification Test-Based, Conditional Release-to-Work Policy for Health Care Personnel With Symptoms Consistent With COVID-19.

Objective: Most health care personnel (HCP) reporting symptoms consistent with COVID-19 illness are assessed by high-accuracy SARS-CoV-2 assays performed in clinical laboratories, but the results of such assays typically are not available until the following day.

Methods: This is an observational study over 16 weeks of a rapid nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) performed at point of contact. The benchmark for comparison was a simultaneously obtained specimen assayed by a routine NAAT assay performed in a clinical laboratory.

Updated Estimates and Mapping for Prevalence of Chagas Disease among Adults, United States.

We combined American Community Survey data with age-specific Trypanosoma cruzi prevalence derived from US surveys and World Health Organization reports to yield estimates of Chagas disease in the United States, which we mapped at the local level. In addition, we used blood donor data to estimate the relative prevalence of autochthonous T. cruzi infection.

A general locomotion control framework for multi-legged locomotors.

Serially connected robots are promising candidates for performing tasks in confined spaces such as search and rescue in large-scale disasters. Such robots are typically limbless, and we hypothesize that the addition of limbs could improve mobility. However, a challenge in designing and controlling such devices lies in the coordination of high-dimensional redundant modules in a way that improves mobility.

Neural correlates of semantic number: A cross-linguistic investigation.

One aspect of natural language comprehension is understanding how many of what or whom a speaker is referring to. While previous work has documented the neural correlates of number comprehension and quantity comparison, this study investigates semantic number from a cross-linguistic perspective with the goal of identifying cortical regions involved in distinguishing plural from singular nouns. Three fMRI datasets are used in which Chinese, French, and English native speakers listen to an audiobook of a children's story in their native language.

Screening for Chagas Disease Should Be Included in Entry-to-Care Testing for At-Risk People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Living in the United States.

Chagas disease screening of at-risk populations is essential to identify infected individuals and facilitate timely treatment before end-organ damage occurs. Coinfected people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) are at risk for dangerous sequelae, specifically Trypanosoma cruzi reactivation disease. Recently published national recommendations indicate that at-risk PWH, particularly those from endemic areas or born to women from endemic areas, should be screened via a sensitive anti-T.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Transmission Dynamics and Immune Responses in a Household of Vaccinated Persons.

While SARS-CoV-2 vaccines prevent severe disease effectively, postvaccination "breakthrough" COVID-19 infections and transmission among vaccinated individuals remain ongoing concerns. We present an in-depth characterization of transmission and immunity among vaccinated individuals in a household, revealing complex dynamics and unappreciated comorbidities, including autoimmunity to type 1 interferon in the presumptive index case.

Preoperative risk stratification of lymph node metastasis for non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm: An international dual-institutional study.

Background: /Objectives: Although the presence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) defines malignant potential, preoperative prediction of LNM has not been established for non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (NF-PNEN). We sought to develop a prediction system using only preoperatively available factors that would stratify the risk of LNM for NF-PNEN.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent R0/1 resection of NF-PNEN at Kyoto University (2007-2019) and the University of California, San Francisco (2010-2019).