Ring Fixator Bone Transport is Associated With Fewer Unplanned Major Reoperations than Masquelet in the Treatment of Segmental Bone Defects of the Tibia.

Objective: To determine whether bone transport or Masquelet results in higher rates of major unplanned reoperations for the treatment of segmental tibial bone defects ≥4 cm in length.

Methods: Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: Level I trauma center.

Specific EEG resting state biomarkers in FXS and ASD.

Background: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions that often have a substantial impact on daily functioning and quality of life. FXS is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability (ID) and the most common monogenetic cause of ASD. Previous literature has shown that electrophysiological activity measured by electroencephalogram (EEG) during resting state is perturbated in FXS and ASD.

Infection rates during eras of intrathecal antibiotic use followed by antibiotic-impregnated catheter use in prevention of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection.

Objective: The Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN) implemented a perioperative infection prevention bundle for all CSF shunt surgeries in 2007 that included the relatively unproven technique of intrathecal instillation of the broad-spectrum antibiotics vancomycin and gentamicin into the shunt. In the meantime, the field debated the use of antibiotic-impregnated catheter (AIC) shunt tubing using clindamycin and rifampin, an increasingly widespread, but expensive and controversial, technique. It is unknown whether there were changes in infecting organisms associated with the use of these techniques during CSF shunt surgery at the hospital level.

Recognition of advanced level practice against multiprofessional capabilities: Experiences of the first radiography applicants.

Introduction: Advanced practice is well established in the health professions with multiprofessional capabilities in place in England. To recognise achievement of these capabilities an ePortfolio (supported) route was initiated in 2022. This study aimed to review the demographics and experiences of radiographers applying for recognition in the first year of operation.

Antibiotic impregnated catheters and intrathecal antibiotics for CSF shunt infection prevention in children undergoing low-risk CSF shunt surgery.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts allow children with hydrocephalus to survive and avoid brain injury (J Neurosurg 107:345-57, 2007; Childs Nerv Syst 12:192-9, 1996). The Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network implemented non-randomized quality improvement protocols that were shown to decrease infection rates compared to pre-operative prophylactic intravenous antibiotics alone (standard care): initially with intrathecal (IT) antibiotics between 2007-2009 (J Neurosurg Pediatr 8:22-9, 2011), followed by antibiotic impregnated catheters (AIC) in 2012-2013 (J Neurosurg Pediatr 17:391-6, 2016). No large scale studies have compared infection prevention between the techniques in children.

Analyzing the Quality of Life in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome in Relation to Sleep and Mental Health.

The purpose of this paper was to examine the physical, emotional, social and school functioning domains of quality of life of individuals with Fragile X Syndrome, in relation to mental health and sleep patterns to gain a better understanding of how these aspects are affected by the disorder. This study included 119 individuals with Fragile X Syndrome who were given different cognitive examinations by a neuropsychologist or by parent-proxy questionnaires. This study focused on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQoL), the Anxiety, Depression and Mood Scale (ADAMS), the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), but did include other cognitive tests (Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales, Nonverbal IQ, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule).

"You can't die here": an exploration of the barriers to dying-in-place for structurally vulnerable populations in an urban centre in British Columbia, Canada.

Background: One measure of quality in palliative care involves ensuring people approaching the end of life are able to receive care, and ultimately die, in the places they choose. Canadian palliative care policy directives stem from this tenet of autonomy, acknowledging that most people prefer to die at home, where they feel safe and comfortable. Limited research, however, considers the lack of 'choice' people positioned as structurally vulnerable (e.

Utilization trends in cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection prevention techniques in the United States from 2007 to 2015.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe trends in the utilization of infection prevention techniques (standard care, intrathecal [IT] antibiotics, antibiotic-impregnated catheters [AICs], and combination of IT antibiotics and AICs) among participating hospitals over time.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study at six large children's hospitals between 2007 and 2015 included children ≤ 18 years of age who underwent initial shunt placement between 2007 and 2012. Pediatric Health Information System + (PHIS+) data were augmented with chart review data for all shunt surgeries that occurred prior to the first shunt infection.

Associations of Standard Care, Intrathecal Antibiotics, and Antibiotic-Impregnated Catheters With Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Infection Organisms and Resistance.

Background: Infection prevention techniques used during cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt surgery include: (1) standard perioperative intravenous antibiotics, (2) intrathecal (IT) antibiotics, (3) antibiotic-impregnated catheter (AIC) shunt tubing, or (4) Both IT and AIC. These techniques have not been assessed against one another for their impact on the infecting organisms and patterns of antimicrobial resistance.

Methods: We performed a retrospective longitudinal observational cohort study of children with initial CSF shunt placement between January 2007 and December 2012 at 6 US hospitals.

Endocrine Disruption Is Reduced but Still Widespread in Wild Roach () Living in English Rivers.

Endocrine disruption of wild fish, primarily resulting in the feminization of males, has been reported in English river sites for several decades. Estrogenic activity emanating from wastewater treatment works (WwTW) has been conclusively demonstrated to be the main driver of these feminized phenotypes. Here, we revisit 10 English river sites previously surveyed in the late 1990s and early 2000s to assess how the frequency and severity of feminization now compare with the historical surveys.

Lower levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the time of initial CSF shunt placement in children are associated with subsequent shunt revision surgeries.

Objective: We compare cytokine profiles at the time of initial CSF shunt placement between children who required no subsequent shunt revision surgeries and children requiring repeated CSF shunt revision surgeries for CSF shunt failure. We also describe the cytokine profiles across surgical episodes for children who undergo multiple subsequent revision surgeries.

Methods: This pilot study was nested within an ongoing prospective multicenter study collecting CSF samples and clinical data at the time of CSF shunt surgeries since August 2014.

Arthroscopic Distal Clavicle Bone Block Technique for Anteroinferior Instability With Critical Bone Loss.

Arthroscopic distal clavicle autograft represents a locally available source of autograft for bone block augmentation in patients with anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss. Anatomic and biomechanical studies have supported distal clavicle autograft use as comparable to coracoid graft with regard to restoration of glenoid articular surface, with the theoretical advantage of minimizing complications associated with coracoid transfer procedures, such as neurologic injury and coracoid fracture. The current technique describes a modification of those previously described, including a mini-open approach for distal clavicle autograft harvest, orientation of the distal clavicle with the medial clavicle graft against the glenoid (congruent arc), an all-arthroscopic technique of graft passage, and graft placement and fixation using specialized drill guides and four suture buttons to reproducibly place and secure the graft with final capsulolabral advancement over the graft to render it extra-articular.

First report of Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola on Cyclamen persicum in South Carolina, USA.

Florist's cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum) is an herbaceous perennial native to the Mediterranean region and has become an increasingly popular plant around the world. Leaves of these plants are cordate-shaped with varying green and silver patterns. Flowers vary in color from white through different shades of pink, lavender, and red.

Characterization of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microbiota at the time of initial surgical intervention for children with hydrocephalus.

Objective: To characterize the microbiota of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from children with hydrocephalus at the time of initial surgical intervention.

Study Design: CSF was obtained at initial surgical intervention. One aliquot was stored in skim milk-tryptone-glucose-glycerol (STGG) medium and the second was unprocessed; both were then stored at -70°C.

Long-term Memory Testing in Children With Typical Development and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Remote Web-based Image Task Feasibility Study.

Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) cause individuals to have difficulty in learning facts, procedures, or social skills. NDD has been linked to several genes, and several animal models have been used to identify potential therapeutic candidates based on specific learning paradigms for long-term and associative memory. In individuals with NDD, however, such testing has not been used so far, resulting in a gap in translating preclinical results to clinical practice.

A Refined, Controlled 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Approach Reveals Limited Detection of Cerebrospinal Fluid Microbiota in Children with Bacterial Meningitis.

Advances in both laboratory and computational components of high-throughput 16S amplicon sequencing (16S HTS) have markedly increased its sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, these refinements have better delineated the limits of sensitivity, and contributions of contamination to these limits, for 16S HTS that are particularly relevant for samples with low bacterial loads, such as human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The objectives of this work were to (i) optimize the performance of 16S HTS in CSF samples with low bacterial loads by defining and addressing potential sources of error, and (ii) perform refined 16S HTS on CSF samples from children diagnosed with bacterial meningitis and compare results with those from microbiological cultures.

Estimates of Golf-Related Upper Extremity Injuries in the United States: A 10-Year Epidemiology Study (2011-2020).

Background: Golf is one of the most popular sports in the United States (US) and is played by participants of all ages and skill level. Given the popularity and sport-specific demands on the upper torso, golf poses a considerable risk for upper extremity (UE) injuries. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to (1) determine the incidence rate of UE golf injuries presenting to emergency departments (EDs) in the US, (2) determine the most commonly injured body parts and mechanisms of injury, and (3) compare current injury epidemiology with previous trends in the literature.

Corrigendum: The olfactory tract: Basis for future evolution in response to rapidly changing ecological niches.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.

"Beyond waking and walking. Intensive rehabilitation in patients requiring extended durations of advanced mechanical circulatory support: A case series".

Physical therapy (PT) utilization in patients requiring mechanical circulatory support (MCS) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been reported; however, little is known about intensive rehabilitation and associated outcomes in patients requiring extended complex MCS and/or ECMO support. Authors sought to explore safety, feasibility and outcomes associated with active rehabilitation in patients requiring prolonged advanced MCS/ECMO support. Single-center retrospective series evaluated functional, clinical, and longitudinal outcomes of sample of eight critically ill, adult (≥18 years of age) patients who underwent a intensive rehabilitation while receiving prolonged MCS/ECMO through advanced configurations including: venovenous (VV-ECMO), venoarterial (VA-ECMO), oxygenator with right ventricular assist device (Oxy-RVAD) and right ventricular assist device (RVAD).

Direct versus indirect posterior malleolar fixation in the treatment of trimalleolar ankle fractures: Is there a difference in outcomes?

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in functional outcomes between direct and indirect surgical fixation methods of the posterior malleolus in the setting of trimalleolar fractures and identify any variables affecting patient outcomes.

Methods: Primary outcomes were evaluated by PROMIS scores for short-term outcomes regarding total pain (TP) and total function (TF) comparing 40 patients with direct fixation with 77 with indirect fixation. Continuous variables were analyzed using t tests for parametric variables and the Mann-Whitney test for nonparametric variables.

": Exploring work-related grief among community service workers providing care for structurally vulnerable populations at the end of life through participatory action research.

Background: At the end of life, people experiencing structural vulnerability (e.g. homelessness, poverty, stigmatization) rely on community service workers to fill gaps in access to traditional palliative services.

Epidemiology of Sports-Related Clavicle Fractures in the United States: Injuries From 2015 to 2019.

Background: Clavicle fractures are common orthopaedic injuries that frequently occur during sports and recreational activity.

Purpose: To (1) determine the incidence rate of sports-related clavicle fractures among patients evaluated in emergency departments in the United States over a 5-year period, (2) determine the most common sports and risks associated with clavicle fractures, and (3) update the literature by comparing past and present injury trends.

Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.

Serology and Comorbidities in Patients With Fracture Nonunion: A Multicenter Evaluation of 640 Patients.

Introduction: This multicenter cohort study investigated the association of serology and comorbid conditions with septic and aseptic nonunion.

Methods: From January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2017, consecutive individuals surgically treated for nonunion were identified from seven centers. Nonunion-type, comorbid conditions and serology were assessed.

Characterization of hearing status in children under 3 years of age with cleft palate.

Objectives: To describe the hearing thresholds of children under 3 years of age with cleft palate with or without cleft lip.

Methods: This retrospective study from a tertiary care children's hospital included children with cleft palate ± cleft lip born between January 01, 2008, and December 31, 2015. All patients who had the initial palate repair at our institution and at least one behavioral audiogram were included.