Volumes and velocities: Meta-analysis of PC-MRI studies in normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Unlabelled: PURPOSE  : Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) represents an opportunity to non-invasively investigate cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) flow in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Studies in recent years have explored the diagnostic and prognostic value of PC-MRI derived parameters. This review aims to identify all PC-MRI studies of iNPH published since 2010, synthesise a review based on collated results, and analyse specific flow parameters identified in the selected studies.

Erratum: Special Report: Potential Strategies for Addressing GLP-1 and Dual GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonist Shortages. Clinical Diabetes 2023;41:467-473.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2337/cd23-0023.].

Time-Resolved X-ray Emission Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering Spectroscopy of Laser Irradiated Carbon.

The existence of liquid carbon as an intermediate phase preceding the formation of novel carbon materials has been a point of contention for several decades. Experimental observation of such a liquid state requires nonthermal melting of solid carbon materials at various laser fluences and pulse properties. Reflectivity experiments performed in the mid-1980s reached opposing conclusions regarding the metallic or insulating properties of the purported liquid state.

Machine intelligence accelerated design of conductive MXene aerogels with programmable properties.

Designing ultralight conductive aerogels with tailored electrical and mechanical properties is critical for various applications. Conventional approaches rely on iterative, time-consuming experiments across a vast parameter space. Herein, an integrated workflow is developed to combine collaborative robotics with machine learning to accelerate the design of conductive aerogels with programmable properties.

Machine intelligence-accelerated discovery of all-natural plastic substitutes.

One possible solution against the accumulation of petrochemical plastics in natural environments is to develop biodegradable plastic substitutes using natural components. However, discovering all-natural alternatives that meet specific properties, such as optical transparency, fire retardancy and mechanical resilience, which have made petrochemical plastics successful, remains challenging. Current approaches still rely on iterative optimization experiments.

Diffusion tensor imaging helps identify shunt-responsive normal pressure hydrocephalus patients among probable iNPH cohort.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether white matter changes as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can help differentiate shunt-responsive idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients from patients with other causes of gait disturbances and/or cognitive decline with ventriculomegaly whose clinical symptoms do not improve significantly after cerebrospinal fluid derivation (non-iNPH). Between 2017 and 2022, 85 patients with probable iNPH underwent prospective preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and comprehensive clinical workup. Patients with clinical symptoms of iNPH, positive result on lumbar infusion test, and gait improvement after 120-h lumbar drainage were diagnosed with iNPH and underwent shunt-placement surgery.

National survey of educational impact on pharmacy learners by volunteering at camps for children with diabetes.

Introduction: Current literature on pharmacy students' and residents' experience attending camps for children with diabetes focuses on the experience at an individual campsite. The objective of this study was to examine the demographics and gains in understanding that pharmacy learners achieve when volunteering as medical staff at camps for children with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: National listservs were used to identify pharmacists who precept pharmacy students and residents at diabetes camps.

Patients' Preferences for Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.

Purpose: To determine patients' preferences for sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs).

Patients And Methods: A cross-sectional, web-based discrete choice experiment was conducted among US adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in May 2021. Six attributes-the route and frequency of administration, the chance of reaching target HbA1c in six months, the percentage reduction in the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), the chance of gastrointestinal side effects, the chance of genital infection, and out-of-pocket cost per month-were identified from literature review and consultation with patients and clinicians.

Quantifying electron temperature distributions from time-integrated x-ray emission spectra.

K-shell x-ray emission spectroscopy is a standard tool used to diagnose the plasma conditions created in high-energy-density physics experiments. In the simplest approach, the emissivity-weighted average temperature of the plasma can be extracted by fitting an emission spectrum to a single temperature condition. It is known, however, that a range of plasma conditions can contribute to the measured spectra due to a combination of the evolution of the sample and spatial gradients.

Exploring typologies of appraisals, involvement, and distress in type 2 diabetes family members.

The present study conducted a latent profile analysis from a US national sample of 446 family members to identify and predict unique clusters of family members' PWD illness appraisals, involvement, and psychological distress. Time since diagnosis, diabetes adherence, the relationship with the PWD, age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, and economic pressure were included as predictors. Class membership was used to predict the family members' own health behaviors (sleep quality, days of physical activity, and diet quality).

Congenital internal carotid artery hypoplasia: A systematic review.

This review evaluates the current evidence for the clinical management of congenital internal carotid artery hypoplasia (CICAH). We summarise clinical presentations diagnostic standards, imaging recommendations, treatment and follow-up. The review was prompted by a case of CICAH in a 50-year-old female who presented to our neurosurgery clinic with an acute episode of vertigo.

First experiences with Miethke M.blue® valve in iNPH patients.

The literature on hydrocephalus treatment shows support for adjustable valves and devices which prevent the so-called "siphon effect". In our study, 21 probable iNPH patients were indicated to shunt surgery with the Miethke M.blue® adjustable gravitational valve.

An Online, Multi-institutional Debate on Diabetes Medications by Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience Students.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) students' knowledge and to measure student perceptions of an online, multi-institutional debate curriculum as an alternative to a journal club to improve critical thinking skills related to diabetes medications. All APPE students assigned to four faculty (n=37) at three different colleges during the 2020-2021 academic year received instruction on diabetes medication classes and their cardiovascular outcome trials. Students debated via the Lincoln-Douglas format whether the preferred second-line therapies for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are either glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.

Systematic literature review of insulin dose adjustments when initiating hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.

Chronically uncontrolled hyperglycemia is the leading cause of end stage kidney disease (ESKD) necessitating dialysis. During times of transition to hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD), considerations must be given to insulin dosing adjustments for persons with diabetes (PWD) in efforts to maintain glycemic control. However, the literature is sparse with few clear and direct practical clinical recommendations for therapeutic insulin dosing adjustments in PWD and ESKD.

Telehealth delivery of motivational interviewing for diabetes management: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Objectives: The objective of this systematic review was to explore and report the evidence and gaps in the literature for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying the effects of motivational interviewing (MI)-based telehealth interventions on outcomes among persons with diabetes (PWD) or prediabetes.

Methods: Following a modified Cochrane approach, we searched Pubmed, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Clinicaltrials.gov.

From head micro-motions towards CSF dynamics and non-invasive intracranial pressure monitoring.

Continuous monitoring of the intracranial pressure (ICP) is essential in neurocritical care. There are a variety of ICP monitoring systems currently available, with the intraventricular fluid filled catheter transducer currently representing the "gold standard". As the placement of catheters is associated with the attendant risk of infection, hematoma formation, and seizures, there is a need for a reliable, non-invasive alternative.

Simultaneous compression and opacity data from time-series radiography with a Lagrangian marker.

Time-resolved radiography can be used to obtain absolute shock Hugoniot states by simultaneously measuring at least two mechanical parameters of the shock, and this technique is particularly suitable for one-dimensional converging shocks where a single experiment probes a range of pressures as the converging shock strengthens. However, at sufficiently high pressures, the shocked material becomes hot enough that the x-ray opacity falls significantly. If the system includes a Lagrangian marker such that the mass within the marker is known, this additional information can be used to constrain the opacity as well as the Hugoniot state.

Changes in attitudes toward diabetes in nursing students at diabetes camp.

Aim: The research purpose was to determine whether exposure to residential diabetes camps affects attitudes toward diabetes care and management in nursing students.

Background: Summer camp for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) provides a unique and engaging clinical environment for nursing students to learn about evolving diabetes care and to help children develop diabetes management skills.

Methods: This prospective, pretest/posttest study assessed student nurses' attitudes about diabetes, who attended one of four residential summer camps in the United States, using the Diabetes Attitude Survey 3 (DAS3).

Identifying Factors Associated with the Growth of Vestibular Schwannomas: A Systematic Review.

Background: Surveillance imaging is a valid management option for selected vestibular schwannomas (VS). An ideal protocol for radiologic monitoring would highlight growth-related risk factors and tailor management accordingly. This study aims to identify variables associated with the growth of sporadic VS to enhance surveillance imaging, enable early intervention, and optimize outcomes.