Weighing the Options: Which PrEP (Pre-exposure Prophylaxis) Modality Attributes Influence Choice for Young Gay and Bisexual Men in the United States?

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective in preventing HIV transmission, but uptake and adherence among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) remains suboptimal. New PrEP formulations may enhance PrEP use, but little is known about their acceptability. We enrolled 39 cis- and transgender YMSM (age 18-34) from Boston, MA; Jackson, MS; Birmingham, AL; and New Orleans, LA, who participated in video-based focus groups (n = 30) or in-depth interviews (n = 9) to examine how new PrEP products (e.

Factors driving decisions in the use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: a real-world study in the United States.

Uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in the United States (US) remains below target, despite reported high efficacy in prevention of HIV infection and being considered as a strategy for ending new HIV transmissions. Here, we sought to investigate drivers for PrEP use and barriers to increased uptake using real-world data. Data were drawn from the Adelphi PrEP Disease Specific Programme, a cross-sectional survey of PrEP users and PrEP non-users at risk for HIV and their physicians in the US between August 2021 and March 2022.

Molnupiravir Real-World Utilization in COVID-19 Patients in the Czech Republic.

: Molnupiravir (MOV), an oral antiviral COVID-19 treatment, was introduced in the Czech Republic in December 2021 for COVID-19 patients at a high risk of progression to severe disease requiring hospitalization. In this observational, retrospective study, we aimed to describe the characteristics and healthcare resource utilization in non-hospitalized, adult COVID-19 patients prescribed MOV in the Czech Republic between 1 January and 30 April 2022. : A total of 621 patients were included and followed up with for 28 days.

Real-World Utilization of Molnupiravir during the COVID-19 Omicron Surge in Israel.

Molnupiravir (MOV) was introduced in Israel in January 2022 during the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron surge for high-risk patients contraindicated for nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. This retrospective cohort study aimed to describe characteristics of patients offered COVID-19 antiviral treatment in Maccabi Healthcare Services (antiviral treatment-eligible cohort; = 5596) between 12 January and 28 February 2022, and the subset of these who were dispensed MOV (MOV-treated cohort; = 1147), as well as outcomes following MOV dispensation. Median (interquartile range) age in the antiviral treatment-eligible and MOV-treated cohorts were 70.

Real-World Evidence for Equality.

As stakeholders in the transformative medical research ecosystem, real-world evidence researchers must conduct observational research with an awareness of racism. Advancements in understanding of the impact of racism on health outcomes, the abundance of health care data, and innovations in health information technology provide tools that create opportunities to conduct more focused research that illustrates how racism in health care deters the advancement of equity.

Brief Report: Temporal Changes in HIV Transmission Patterns Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men, United States, 2009-2016.

Background: In the United States, young men (aged 13-24 years) who have sex with men (MSM) bear a disproportionate burden of HIV. Transmission among MSM has been found to be disassortative by age.

Methods: We analyzed HIV-1 pol sequences reported to the US National HIV Surveillance System from MSM with HIV diagnosed during 2009-2016.

Decreased HIV-associated mortality rates during scale-up of antiretroviral therapy, 2011-2016.

Objective: HIV-associated mortality rates in Africa decreased by 10-20% annually in 2003-2011, after the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We sought to document HIV-associated mortality rates in the general population in Kenya after 2011 in an era of expanded access to ART.

Design: We obtained data on mortality rates and migration from a health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) in Gem, western Kenya, and data for HDSS residents aged 15-64 years from home-based HIV counseling and testing (HBCT) rounds in 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2016.

HIV care and treatment of American Indians/Alaska natives with diagnosed HIV infection - 27 states and the District of Columbia, 2012.

The objective of this study was to measure linkage to care, retention in care, and suppressed viral load (VL) among American Indians/Alaska Natives (AIs/ANs) aged ≥13 years with diagnosed HIV infection. We used national HIV case surveillance data to measure linkage to care, defined as ≥1 CD4 or VL test ≤1 month after HIV diagnosis during 2013; retention in care, defined as ≥2 CD4 or VL tests ≥3 months apart during 2012; and suppressed VL, defined as <200 copies/mL at the most recent VL test during 2012. In 2013, 74.

Molecular analysis allows inference into HIV transmission among young men who have sex with men in the United States.

Objective: The objective of this study is to understand the spread of HIV among and between age and racial/ethnic groups of men who engage in male-to-male sexual contact (MSM) in the United States.

Design: An analysis of HIV-1 pol sequences for MSM collected through the US National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) during 2001-2012.

Methods: Pairwise genetic distance was calculated to determine potential transmission partners (those with very closely related nucleotide sequences, i.

Comparison of Rates of Death Having any Death-Certificate Mention of Heart, Kidney, or Liver Disease Among Persons Diagnosed with HIV Infection with those in the General US Population, 2009-2011.

Objective: Compare age-adjusted rates of death due to liver, kidney, and heart diseases during 2009-2011 among US residents diagnosed with HIV infection with those in the general population.

Methods: Numerators were numbers of records of multiple-cause mortality data from the national vital statistics system with an ICD-10 code for the disease of interest (any mention, not necessarily the underlying cause), divided into those 1) with and 2) without an additional code for HIV infection. Denominators were 1) estimates of persons living with diagnosed HIV infection from national HIV surveillance system data and 2) general population estimates from the US Census Bureau.

Progress along the continuum of HIV care among blacks with diagnosed HIV- United States, 2010.

The goals of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy are to reduce new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, increase access to care and improve health outcomes for persons living with HIV, and reduce HIV-related health disparities. Recently, by executive order, the HIV Care Continuum Initiative was established, focusing on accelerating federal efforts to increase HIV testing, care, and treatment. Blacks are the racial group most affected, comprising 44% of new infections and also 44% of all persons living with HIV infection.

Perceptions and attitudes about preexposure prophylaxis among seronegative partners and the potential of sexual disinhibition.

Objectives: Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising strategy to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, especially among high-risk individuals such as seronegative partners; however, many caveats such as the potential risk of sexual disinhibition and noncompliance need to be considered. We explored the sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with the adoption of PrEP among HIV seronegative men who have sex with men and heterosexual partners.

Methods: A prepiloted self-administered survey was conducted among seronegative partners in a Ryan White HIV/AIDS Clinic in South Carolina from 2010 to 2011.

Occurrence of new sexually transmitted diseases in males after HIV diagnosis.

Risk reduction following an HIV diagnosis is important for controlling the epidemic. The objective of this retrospective cohort study of 6,965 HIV-positive males was to evaluate the joint risk of new reportable STDs in males after HIV diagnosis by race/ethnicity and risk behavior. This investigation linked HIV case reports with STD surveillance, clinical care and laboratory datasets to determine new STD acquisition in HIV positive individuals.

Assessing readiness for establishing a farmers' market at a community health center.

Farmers' markets are community health promotion interventions that increase access to fresh fruits and vegetables. As farmers' markets continue to develop, it is important to strategically locate them in settings that are accessible to populations disparately affected by health disparities. One potential setting is a community health center.

Self-perceived risk of HIV infection and attitudes about preexposure prophylaxis among sexually transmitted disease clinic attendees in South Carolina.

Several domestic and international trials of the use of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention are ongoing among groups at high risk for HIV infection. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess self-perceived risk of HIV infection and attitudes about PrEP among 405 sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic attendees in South Carolina. Self-percieved risk of HIV infection and attitudes about PrEP were assessed using three questions from a self-administered survey.