The relationship of HsEg5 and the actin cytoskeleton to centrosome separation.

Although centrosome separation is essential to the formation of a bipolar spindle, it can proceed along several different pathways. This raises questions as to the similarity between the mechanism(s) underlying these various forms of separation. To address this question we reinvestigated centrosome separation in HeLa cells using a variety of techniques.

Artificial transmission of Bolo disease in woolled sheep and attempted characterisation of the causative unclassified Corynebacterium sp.

Bacterial isolates (n = 38) previously cultured from sheep with Bolo disease were compared bacteriologically with known Corynebacterium spp. and Actinomyces spp. The isolates did not conform to any previously described species but closely resembled C.

Biochemical changes in the collagenous matrix of osteoporotic avian bone.

No detailed biochemical analysis has been carried out of the compositional changes in the collagen matrix of avian bone in relation to increased bone fragility in osteoporosis. We have shown that osteoporosis in avian bone is certainly not just a simple loss of apatite and collagen, but involves significant changes in the biochemistry of the collagen molecule and consequently in the physical properties of the fibre. The decreased mechanical strength and the change in the thermal stability can be directly related to changes in post-translational modifications, i.

Regulators of chondrocyte differentiation in tibial dyschondroplasia: an in vivo and in vitro study.

Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a disorder of endochondral bone growth and results in the retention of a mass of unmineralized, avascular cartilage extending into the metaphysis. We have studied various parameters of chondrocyte differentiation, both in isolated chick chondrocytes and growth plate sections, in an attempt to determine whether the inhibition in chondrocyte differentiation seen in TD is a consequence of an inherent incapability of chondrocytes to differentiate terminally and mineralize. Results from in vitro experiments indicated that both normal and lesion chondrocytes synthesized a matrix that stained with antibodies to types II and X collagen and displayed foci of mineralization.

Interaction between dietary 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and calcium and effects of management on the occurrence of tibial dyschondroplasia, leg abnormalities and performance in broiler chickens.

1. Two experiments were performed to compare the relative effectiveness of feeding 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-DHCC) in minimising leg abnormalities in broilers with other methods and to investigate interactions between dietary 1,25-DHCC and calcium. 2.

Trace detection of krypton using laser-induced fluorescence.

Highly sensitive detection of neutral Kr atoms was accomplished by the use of laser-induced fluorescence. In one experiment, Kr at 40 parts per 10(12) in He was detected at a signal-to-noise ratio of 500 by time-resolved fluorescence measurements. The Kr metastable 1s(5) level was populated by cascade after two-photon excitation to the 2p(6) level by the frequency-tripled output of a pulsed single-longitudinalmode dye laser.

Differentiation and mineralization in chick chondrocytes maintained in a high cell density culture: a model for endochondral ossification.

Chondrocytes isolated from the proliferative and differentiating zones of 3-wk-old chick growth plates were cultured in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and ascorbic acid for up to 21 d in a high cell density culture within Eppendorf tubes. The proliferative, differentiating, and calcification properties of the chondrocytes were examined by immunolocalization and by enzyme histochemical and biochemical methods. The cells maintained a chondrocyte phenotype throughout culture: they were round in shape and synthesized both collagen type II and proteoglycans.

Folic acid requirements of broilers.

1. Dietary folic acid requirements of broilers were studied in three experiments using wheat- and maize-based practical diets. Requirements were assessed on the basis of performance and metabolic criteria.

Bone structure and breaking strength in laying hens housed in different husbandry systems.

1. Bone structure and breaking strength were measured in hens that had been housed throughout a laying year in battery cages or in Perchery, Naturel or Litter and Wire husbandry systems. 2.

Management and motivational factors in the control of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL).

This paper describes a study investigating attitudes to noise as an occupational hazard. The objectives of the study were to understand the individual and organizational factors which affect attitudes towards noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) and to relate these to the standards of hearing conservation achieved in industry as demonstrated by compliance with the Noise at Work Regulations. The study comprised a survey of 48 organizations across Britain, and a more detailed examination of 10 of these as case studies.

The subjective effects of low-dose propofol. A double-blind study to evaluate dimensions of sedation and consciousness with low-dose propofol.

In this study the subjective effects (sedation and mood) of subanaesthetic doses of propofol were examined in 28 healthy male volunteers. A computer model was used to predict the infusion profiles necessary to obtain steady state propofol plasma concentrations of 0.3 microgram.

Zopiclone as a preoperative night hypnotic: a double-blind comparison with temazepam and placebo.

We have examined the hypnotic effects of zopiclone 7.5 mg and temazepam 20 mg compared with placebo in a double-blind, randomized, clinical study of 60 patients on the night before operation. Evaluation was both subjective (visual analogue scales and a sleep questionnaire), to measure the quality of sleep, and objective (critical flicker fusion, object recall and paired associates tasks), to measure residual impairment.

Alterations in glycosaminoglycan concentration and sulfation during chondrocyte maturation.

We have used antibodies to chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfate and keratan sulfate along with Alcian blue staining of sulfated proteoglycans to investigate changes in content and sulfation within the avian growth plate. In normal chicks, chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfate content were similar in the proliferating and transitional zones but in the hypertrophic zone, chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfate were slightly lower (13% and 18%, respectively) and keratan sulfate was markedly lower (58%). Compared with the proliferative zone, Alcian blue staining of sulfated glycosaminoglycans was markedly lower in both the transitional (46%) and hypertrophic (22%) zones.

Are hip fractures caused by falling and breaking or breaking and falling? Photoelastic stress analysis.

The distribution of stress in the heads of femurs has been assessed using an engineering technique known as photoelastic stress analysis. The aim of the investigation was to locate and evaluate the probable sites of structure failure in femurs with various axes of loading. The analysis shows that the maximum stress in the upper femur occurs in the cervical region during vertical loading.

Differential diagnosis of personality disorders by the seven-factor model of temperament and character.

We used multiaxial structured interviews and questionnaires to evaluate the ability of self-reports on seven personality dimensions to predict independent interview diagnoses of DSM-III-R personality disorders. We studied 136 consecutive adult psychiatric inpatients, excluding those with psychosis, organic mental disorders, and severe agitation. Sixty-six patients had interview diagnoses of DSM-III-R personality disorders.

Regulation of plasma oestrogen by dietary fats in the laying hen: relationships with egg weight.

1. Feeding a diet supplemented with maize oil was found to elevate plasma oestradiol concentration in laying hens. 2.

In vivo effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on the proliferation and differentiation of avian chondrocytes.

A combination of immunocytochemistry and in situ biochemistry has been used to determine the in vivo effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] on the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. Chicks were fed a diet supplemented with 1,25-(OH)2D3 (2.5, 5, or 10 micrograms/kg diet) for 3 weeks, and measurements were made in sections of growth plate of chondrocyte proliferation and rate of maturation through the growth plate [using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) labeling] and also chondrocyte differentiation [assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity].

The control of chondrocyte differentiation during endochondral bone growth in vivo: changes in TGF-beta and the proto-oncogene c-myc.

The expression of transforming growth factor-beta and the c-myc proto-oncogene was studied in situ in the chondrocytes of the tibial growth plate of normal chicks and those with avian tibial dyschondroplasia in which the chondrocytes are developmentally arrested in the transitional phase between proliferation and differentiation. This results in an accumulation of unmineralised and avascular cartilage. Dyschondroplastic chicks showed reduced c-myc expression in the transitional chondrocytes but unaltered levels in the proliferating chondrocytes.

Defective Down syndrome in chicks is not caused by riboflavin deficiency in breeders.

1. Riboflavin-deficient practical and semi-purified diets were fed to broiler breeder hens. 2.

Proximal femoral degeneration in growing broiler fowl.

The pathologies in proximal femora of broilers with lameness attributed to disorders of the proximal femur, including so-called 'femoral head necrosis', are described. Samples were collected from a variety of flocks, farms and production systems. Ten 'normal' broilers were also examined.

Avian tibial dyschondroplasia: the interaction of genetic selection and dietary 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.

The effects of dietary 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on the incidence and severity of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) were assessed in broiler fowl selected for TD (high-TD line) and against TD (low-TD line). Assessment was by examination with a portable Lixiscope to identify lesions in live birds, gross pathology and histopathology. Eighty broilers in four groups of 20 were examined.

The effect of dietary 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in preventing tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers fed on diets imbalanced in calcium and phosphorus.

Three experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of supplemental dietary 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2cholecalciferol) and a low dietary Ca:P ratio on the occurrence of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in 3-week-old broilers. Histopathology was used to diagnose TD. In the first experiment, feeding a diet containing 7.

Biochemical responses of broiler chicks to folate deficiency.

The effects of folate sufficiency and deficiency in three pathways of folate metabolism were studied in 2-and 3-week-old broiler chicks. Erythrocyte phosphoribosylpyrophosphate concentrations and dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.