Publications by authors named "White Y"

Article Synopsis
  • Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy primarily impacts low- and middle-income countries, with therapeutic hypothermia often proving ineffective, highlighting a need for earlier treatment strategies.
  • A study involved administering perinatal caffeine to near-term lambs undergoing severe hypoxia-ischemia, assessing its pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy in improving outcomes.
  • Caffeine administration enhanced neurodevelopmental results and decreased inflammation and gray matter damage, suggesting it could be a viable treatment for affected neonates compared to previous studies on other medications.
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Background: In critically ill patients, delirium is a prognostic indicator of morbidity and mortality.

Objective: This study investigates the impact of a delirium diagnosis on outcomes after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation.

Methods: This retrospective study included all adult patients who received LVADs at our institution between January 2016 and December 2020.

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Background: Each year 25 000-32 000 children develop rifampicin- or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB), and many more require preventive treatment. Levofloxacin is a key component of RR/MDR-TB treatment and prevention, but the existing pharmacokinetic data in children have not yet been comprehensively summarized. We aimed to characterize levofloxacin pharmacokinetics through an individual patient data meta-analysis of available studies and to determine optimal dosing in children.

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Nontransgenic New Genomic Techniques (NGTs) have emerged as a promising tool for food industries, allowing food cultures to contribute to an innovative, safe, and more sustainable food system. NGTs have the potential to be applied to microorganisms, delivering on challenging performance traits like texture, flavour, and an increase of nutritional value. This paper brings insights on how nontransgenic NGTs applied to food cultures could be beneficial to the sector, enabling food industries to generate innovative, safe, and sustainable products for European consumers.

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Originally approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its antihistamine properties, clemastine can also promote white matter integrity and has shown promise in the treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.

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Background: Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury/encephalopathy affects about 1.15 million neonates per year, 96% of whom are born in low- and middle-income countries. Therapeutic hypothermia is not effective in this setting, possibly because injury occurs significantly before birth.

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Intrapartum hypoxia-ischemia leading to neonatal encephalopathy (NE) results in significant neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide, with > 85% of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Therapeutic hypothermia (HT) is currently the only available safe and effective treatment of HIE in high-income countries (HIC); however, it has shown limited safety or efficacy in LMIC. Therefore, other therapies are urgently required.

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Based on theoretical frameworks of scientist stereotypes, possible selves, and science identity, written assignments were developed to teach science content through biographies and research of counter-stereotypical scientists-Scientist Spotlights (www.scientistspotlights.org).

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Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately 1 million infants born with HIE each year survive with cerebral palsy and/or serious cognitive disabilities. While infants born with mild and severe HIE frequently result in predictable outcomes, infants born with moderate HIE exhibit variable outcomes that are highly unpredictable.

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In migraineurs, coloured lenses were found to reduce the visual stress caused by an aversive pattern known to trigger migraines by 70%, but do such patterns also produce a low-level anxiety/fear response? Is this response lessened by colour? We sought to investigate this in a study comprising a broad screening component followed by a dot-probe experiment to elicit attentional biases (AB) to aversive patterns. Undergraduate psychology students completed headache and visual discomfort (VD) questionnaires ( = 358), thereby forming a subject pool from which 13 migraineurs with high visual discomfort and 13 no-headache controls with low visual discomfort, matched on age and sex, completed a dot-probe experiment. Paired stimuli were presented for 500 ms: aversive achromatic 3 cpd square wave gratings vs control, scrambled patterns.

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Evidence from industrialized countries show that discrimination and experienced and/or perceived negative encounters with healthcare workers affect frequency and type of healthcare sought by lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) persons. In Guyana, and the wider English-speaking Caribbean region, there is a dearth of research on how healthcare workers and students perceive and interact with LGBT patients. This study investigated the attitudes and knowledge with regards to LGBT health among students at a medical school in Guyana by using quantitative, self-administered online surveys.

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Background: Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) was approved as a subspecialty in 2016. Perspectives of pediatric and combined pediatric residents regarding barriers and facilitators to pursuing PHM fellowships have not previously been assessed.

Methods: A survey to explore residents' perspectives on PHM fellowships, with questions regarding demographics, likelihood of pursuing PHM after fellowship introduction, and influencing factors was distributed to pediatric and combined pediatric residents via program directors.

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To augment HIV-1 pox-protein vaccine immunogenicity using a next generation adjuvant, a prime-boost strategy of recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara and multimeric Env gp145 was evaluated in macaques with either aluminum (alum) or a novel liposomal monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) formulation adsorbed to alum, ALFA. Binding antibody responses were robust and comparable between arms, while antibody-dependent neutrophil and monocyte phagocytotic responses were greatly enhanced by ALFA. Per-exposure vaccine efficacy against heterologous tier 2 SHIV mucosal challenge was 90% in ALFA-adjuvanted males (P = 0.

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Background: To evaluate the feasibility of a protocol using combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), clinical data, and electroencephalogram (EEG) to identify neonates with mild neonatal encephalopathy (NE) treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) who are eligible for "early exit".

Methods: Retrospective chart review of TH cases at a single Level III NICU over a 5-year period was used to describe the demographic, clinical, and outcome data in neonates that received early exit in contrast to 72 hour TH treatment.

Results: Two hundred and eight TH cases, including 18 early exit cases (9%) and 9 cases (4%) evaluated for early exit with MRI but continued on 72 hours of TH, were identified.

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The treatment of breast cancer has been revolutionized by the development of HER2-targeted treatments for patients who are HER2 positive. The HER2 protein is present at high levels in about 30% of breast cancer patients. These high levels are associated with a greater chance of metastasis, relapse, and decreased survival.

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Background: In the RV144 trial, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 gp120 V1V2 antibodies correlated inversely with risk of HIV-1 infection; however, the titers waned quickly. We hypothesized that a more potent adjuvant might enhance the magnitude and durability of V1V2 antibodies.

Methods: We examined archived sera from a phase I randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial, conducted in HIV-1-uninfected individuals, vaccinated with HIV-1SF-2 rgp120 either adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide (aluminum hydroxide arm) or encapsulated in liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL®) and then adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide (liposomal arm).

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Background And Objectives: Sarcopenia, defined as reduced muscle mass, is typically assessed by CT scans, which are infrequently performed in children. Using MRI to measure sarcopenia, we determined the association with postoperative complications after colectomy for ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: Clinical and preoperative MRI data for 13-18-year-old UC patients who underwent colectomy were retrospectively reviewed.

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Female-factor infertility can be caused by poor oocyte quality and depleted ovarian reserves. Egg precursor cells (EPCs), isolated from the ovarian cortex, have the potential to be used to overcome female infertility. We aimed to define the origins of EPCs by analyzing their gene expression profiles and mtDNA content using a mini-pig model.

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Understanding the molecular origin of influenza receptor specificity is complicated by the paucity of quantitative affinity measurements, and the qualitative and variable nature of glycan array data. Further obstacles arise from the varied impact of viral glycosylation and the relatively narrow spectrum of biologically relevant receptors present on glycan arrays. A survey of receptor conformational properties is presented, leading to the conclusion that conformational entropy plays a key role in defining specificity, as does the newly reported ability of biantennary receptors that terminate in Siaα2-6Gal sequences to form bidentate interactions to two binding sites in a hemagglutinin trimer.

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Gay and bisexual men in Jamaica encounter stigma and discrimination due to criminalization of and negative attitudes towards same-sex sexuality. Disclosure of sexual orientation may be self-affirming, but could increase exposure to negative responses and stressors. Outcomes of an online survey among 110 gay and bisexual Jamaican men ages 18 to 56 years suggest that disclosure to family is affected by level of economic independence.

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Music therapy is gaining popularity as an intervention strategy for children with developmental disabilities, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study was a pilot investigation of a classroom-based music-based intervention, , for improving communication skills in children with ASD and children with intellectual disabilities. Four local public elementary school special education classrooms, serving 5 children with a classification of autistic disorder and 32 children with intellectual disability without autism, were randomly selected to receive one of two levels of exposure to music therapy: "long-term" (15 weeks beginning in January 2015 (Time 1), = 14) or "short-term" (7 weeks beginning 7 weeks later in February (Time 2), = 17).

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Oncogenic mutations in RAS provide a compelling yet intractable therapeutic target. Using co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry, we uncovered an interaction between RAS and Argonaute 2 (AGO2). Endogenously, RAS and AGO2 co-sediment and co-localize in the endoplasmic reticulum.

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Oncogenic KRAS mutations introduce discrete amino acid substitutions that reduce intrinsic Ras GTPase activity and confer resistance to GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Here we discover a partial duplication of the switch 2 domain of K-Ras encoding a tandem repeat of amino acids G60_A66dup in a child with an atypical myeloproliferative neoplasm. K-Ras proteins containing this tandem duplication or a similar five amino acid E62_A66dup mutation identified in lung and colon cancers transform the growth of primary myeloid progenitors and of Ba/F3 cells.

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