Environmental DNA (eDNA) is the fastest growing biomonitoring tool fuelled by two key features: time efficiency and sensitivity. Technological advancements allow rapid biodiversity detection at both species and community levels with increasing accuracy. Concurrently, there has been a global demand to standardise eDNA methods, but this is only possible with an in-depth overview of the technological advancements and a discussion of the pros and cons of available methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBlack individuals with diabetes have high rates of emergency department (ED) use. This randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of Diabetes Interprofessional Team to Enhance Adherence to Medical Care (DM I-TEAM) versus Usual Medical Care (UMC) to reduce number of return ED visits/hospitalizations over 12 months in 200 Black individuals with diabetes after an ED visit. DM I-TEAM consisted of community health worker-delivered diabetes education and behavior activation, telehealth visits with a diabetes nurse educator and primary care physicians, and clinical pharmacist recommendations to reduce potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The recent introduction of the European Medical Device Regulation poses stricter legislation for manufacturers developing medical devices in the EU. Many devices have been placed into a higher risk category, thus requiring more data before market approval, and a much larger focus has been placed on safety. For implantable and Class III devices, the highest risk class, clinical evidence is a necessity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwo new macrocycles containing the bis(1,2,3-triazolyl)pyridine () motif were prepared in high yields from a diazide precursor (1). Solution H NMR studies show that this diazide undergoes self-assembly with divalent transition metal ions to form ML complexes with pendant azide groups, apparently suitable for conversion into metal-templated catenanes; however attempts to form these catenanes were unsuccessful. Instead a new macrocycle containing two motifs was prepared, which forms a nanotube structure in the solid state.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe recent World Health Organization moratorium on rectal artesunate (RAS) for pre-referral treatment of severe childhood malaria is costing young lives. The decision was based on disappointing findings from a large observational study that provided RAS to community health workers with little training and supervision. This non-randomized, operational research has provided useful information to guide the implementation of RAS but is subject to bias and confounding and cannot be used to assess treatment effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose To develop a multicompartmental signal model for whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apply it to study the diffusion properties of normal tissue and metastatic prostate cancer bone lesions in vivo. Materials and Methods This prospective study (: NCT03440554) included 139 men with prostate cancer (mean age, 70 years ± 9 [SD]). Multicompartmental models with two to four tissue compartments were fit to DWI data from whole-body scans to determine optimal compartmental diffusion coefficients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA simple, readily prepared biphenyl bis-amidinium compound (1⋅Cl ) is able to selectively precipitate sulfate from water. The precipitant is effective at concentrations as low as 1 mM and shows complete selectivity against monovalent anions, and high selectivity even against CO and HPO . It is highly effective (>90 % sulfate removed) in both seawater and highly acidic conditions relevant to mining waste-streams.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn a recent Research Article, Ben and co-workers reported a hydrogen-bonded framework prepared from a 4 tetra-amidinium component and a 4 tetra-sulfonate component, termed CPOS-6. They showed that CPOS-6 could reversibly adsorb and desorb water over a narrow humidity window, and that this material offered potential for applications in atmospheric water harvesting. This conclusion was supported by experiments that showed the material was stable over 50 adsorption/desorption cycles and that the kinetics of these cycles were very rapid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDuring pregnancy, the maternal microbiome is associated with both the health of the mother as well as the developing fetus. Several classes of drugs are known to influence the microbiome and their use in pregnancy may impact maternal/fetal outcomes and long-term health of offspring. The drug-microbiome interactions of antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, laxatives, metformin, and probiotics will be described, along with considerations for use of these agents in pregnancy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Introduction: Military Role 1 practitioners have difficulty maintaining skill competency by working solely in military medical treatment facilities. Recognizing this, the Army Medical Department has renewed focus on physician specialty-specific Individual Critical Task Lists (ICTL) and is increasing the number of military-civilian partnerships, wherein small military treatment teams work full-time in civilian trauma centers. Yet, data to validate this approach is lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetformin is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth but with limited sustained glycemic response. To identify common variants associated with metformin response, we used a genome-wide approach in 506 youth from the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study and examined the relationship between T2D partitioned polygenic scores (pPS), glycemic traits, and metformin response in these youth. Several variants met a suggestive threshold ( < 1 × 10), though none including published adult variants reached genome-wide significance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLaboratory tasks have revealed that mental representations (e.g., mental imagery) can enter consciousness in a manner that is involuntary, reliable, and insuppressible.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraditionally, patient travel history has been used to distinguish imported from autochthonous malaria cases, but the dormant liver stages of Plasmodium vivax confound this approach. Molecular tools offer an alternative method to identify, and map imported cases. Using machine learning approaches incorporating hierarchical fixation index and decision tree analyses applied to 799 P.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness with no treatment available for early stages. Retrospective studies have shown an association between metformin and reduced risk of AMD.
Objective: To investigate the association between metformin use and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Falsified medicines are a major threat to global health. Antimalarial drugs have been particularly targeted by criminals. As DNA analysis has revolutionized forensic criminology, we hypothesized that these techniques could also be used to investigate the origins of falsified medicines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOccup Ther Health Care
January 2025
As occupational therapists gain recognition for their work in primary care, it is important to explore the services they provide within these settings. A qualitative study was employed whereby six licensed occupational therapists within the United States were invited via email to engage in semi-structured interviews. Interview transcripts were analyzed individually by six researchers and as a team using consensus coding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To evaluate changes in retinal thickness and morphology using OCT in youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to identify systemic biomarkers correlating with these changes.
Design: Retrospective subgroup analysis of a prospective study.
Participants: Participants who underwent OCT imaging in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) trial and its follow-up study TODAY2.
Considering interactions between barriers to physical activity, sociodemographic factors, and rurality can support an equity-focused approach to physical activity promotion. In this cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey Barriers to Physical Activity Rapid Response module, we compared self-reported individual and social-environmental correlates of physical activity between rural and urban residents and explored interactions with sociodemographic factors. Lack of social support was associated with lower odds of meeting physical activity guidelines for rural residents (OR = 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The amplification of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (pfgch1) in Plasmodium falciparum has been linked to the upregulation of the pfdhfr and pfdhps genes associated with resistance to the antimalarial drug sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. During the 1990s and 2000s, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was withdrawn from use as first-line treatment in southeast Asia due to clinical drug resistance. This study assessed the temporal and geographic changes in the prevalence of pfdhfr and pfdhps gene mutations and pfgch1 amplification a decade after sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine had no longer been widely used.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClimate change can have cascading impacts on biochemical reactions in aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic ectotherms can adapt to surrounding temperatures by using long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) to maintain cell membrane fluidity. In a warming scenario, less LC-PUFA is needed to maintain fluidity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To determine whether individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who develop any retinopathy at any time prior to 5 years of diabetes duration have an increased subsequent risk for further progression of retinopathy or onset of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), clinically significant macular edema (CSME), diabetes-related retinal photocoagulation, or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections. Additionally, to determine the influence of HbA1c and other risk factors in these individuals.
Research Design And Methods: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was assessed longitudinally using standardized stereoscopic seven-field fundus photography at time intervals of 6 months to 4 years.