Gradient nanostructured steel with superior tensile plasticity.

Nanostructured metallic materials with abundant high-angle grain boundaries exhibit high strength and good radiation resistance. While the nanoscale grains induce high strength, they also degrade tensile ductility. We show that a gradient nanostructured ferritic steel exhibits simultaneous improvement in yield strength by 36% and uniform elongation by 50% compared to the homogenously structured counterpart.

Global Mental Health: Where We Are and Where We Are Going.

Purpose Of Review: To summarize recent findings in global mental health along several domains including socioeconomic determinants, inequities, funding, and inclusion in global mental health research and practice.

Recent Findings: Mental illness continues to disproportionately impact vulnerable populations and treatment coverage continues to be low globally. Advances in integrating mental health care and adopting task-shifting are accompanied by implementation challenges.

Treatment decisions in VRE bacteraemia: a survey of infectious diseases pharmacists.

Background: VRE infections increased in 2020. High-dose daptomycin (≥10 mg/kg) has shown mortality benefit over other regimens, though daptomycin resistance is increasing. Limited data exist on the practice patterns of ID pharmacists for VRE bloodstream infections (VRE BSIs).

Enhlink infers distal and context-specific enhancer-promoter linkages.

Enhancers play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and their functional status can be queried with cell type precision using using single-cell (sc)ATAC-seq. To facilitate analysis of such data, we developed Enhlink, a novel computational approach that leverages single-cell signals to infer linkages between regulatory DNA sequences, such as enhancers and promoters. Enhlink uses an ensemble strategy that integrates cell-level technical covariates to control for batch effects and biological covariates to infer robust condition-specific links and their associated -values.

Narrative Trends over the COVID-19 Pandemic: Digital Social Listening to Inform WHO Infodemic Management.

The COVID-19 infodemic is an overwhelming amount of information that has challenged pandemic communication and epidemic response. WHO has produced weekly infodemic insights reports to identify questions, concerns, information voids expressed and experienced by people online. Publicly available data was collected and categorized to a public health taxonomy to enable thematic analysis.

An Adaptive Digital Intelligence System to Support Infodemic Management: The WHO EARS Platform.

The WHO Early AI-Supported Response with Social Listening (EARS) platform was developed to help inform infodemic response during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was continual monitoring and evaluation of the platform and feedback from end-users was sought on a continual basis. Iterations were made to the platform in response to user needs, including the introduction of new languages and countries, and additional features to better enable more fine-grained and rapid analysis and reporting.

Can tablet video-based telehealth assessment of the abdomen safely determine the need for abdominal imaging? A pilot study.

Objective: There is limited evidence on the reliability of video-based physical examinations. We aimed to evaluate the safety of a remote physician-directed abdominal examination using tablet-based video.

Methods: This was a prospective observational pilot study of patients >19 years old presenting with abdominal pain to an academic emergency department July 9, 2021-December 21, 2021.

Glycosylation Improves the Proteolytic Stability of Exenatide.

Exenatide was the first marketed GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Modification to the chemical structure or the formulation has the potential to increase the stability of exenatide. We introduced human complex-type sialyloligosaccharide to exenatide at the native Asn28 position.

Racing performance of juvenile Thoroughbreds with femoropatellar osteochondrosis at auction: A retrospective case-control study.

Background: Osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) is common in the femoropatellar joint in Thoroughbred yearlings for sale at auction and there is no consensus on the effect on racing outcomes.

Objectives: Describe femoropatellar OCD in juvenile Thoroughbreds and compare the racing performance of affected Thoroughbred horses to siblings and unaffected horses from the same sale.

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study of juvenile horses born 2010-2016.

Patient Experience With an In-Home COVID Virtual Observation Unit: An Analysis.

We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to a novel, home-based COVID Virtual Observation Unit (CVOU) from an urban, university-affiliated emergency department with ∼112,000 annual visits. Telephone-based survey questions were administered by nursing staff working with the program. Of 402 patients enrolled in the CVOU, 221 (55%) were able to be contacted during the study period; 180 (45%) agreed to participate in the telephone interview.

Retrospective analysis of risk and timing of death from right heart failure in United States and Canadian feedlot necropsied cattle.

Objective: To evaluate the risk and timing of right heart failure (RHF) in feedlot cattle.

Animals: Study population consisted of 1,717,356 cattle (5,527 cohorts) in 13 US and Canadian feedlots. There were 1,336 RHF diagnosed at necropsy.

Genomic Diversity and Phenotypic Variation in Fungal Decomposers Involved in Bioremediation of Persistent Organic Pollutants.

Fungi work as decomposers to break down organic carbon, deposit recalcitrant carbon, and transform other elements such as nitrogen. The decomposition of biomass is a key function of wood-decaying basidiomycetes and ascomycetes, which have the potential for the bioremediation of hazardous chemicals present in the environment. Due to their adaptation to different environments, fungal strains have a diverse set of phenotypic traits.

RNA Sequencing in Hypoxia-Adapted T98G Glioblastoma Cells Provides Supportive Evidence for IRE1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer with a median survival time of 14.6 months after diagnosis. GBM cells have altered metabolism and exhibit the Warburg effect, preferentially producing lactate under aerobic conditions.

Efficacy and Safety of Lenabasum, a Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor Agonist, in a Phase 3 Randomized Trial in Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis.

Objective: This phase 3 study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy and safety of lenabasum, a cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist, in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc).

Methods: A multinational double-blind study was conducted in 365 dcSSc patients who were randomized and dosed 1:1:1 with lenabasum 20 mg, lenabasum 5 mg, or placebo, each twice daily and added to background treatments, including immunosuppressive therapies (IST).

Results: The primary end point, the American College of Rheumatology combined response index in dcSSc (CRISS) at week 52 for lenabasum 20 mg twice a day versus placebo, was not met, with CRISS score of 0.

Total Chemical Synthesis of Palmitoyl-Conjugated Insulin.

Commercially available insulins are manufactured by recombinant methods for the treatment of diabetes. Long-acting insulin drugs (e.g.

Mapping breastfeeding and COVID-19 related content and engagement on Facebook: Results from an online social listening study.

Issue Addressed: The COVID-19 pandemic has seen evidence and advice evolve quickly. Since the start of the pandemic there has been confusion and concern about breastfeeding and COVID-19, and advice for this group has at times been contradictory. The volume of information on social media has exacerbated this.

Frontline Clinician Appraisement of Research Engagement: "I feel out of touch with research".

Background: Health services research can benefit from frontline clinician input across all stages of research, yet their key perspectives are often not meaningfully engaged.

Objective: How can we improve clinician engagement in research?

Design: Convenience sampling and semi-structured interviews followed by descriptive content analysis with an inductive approach, followed by group participatory listening sessions with interviewees to further contextualize findings.

Participants: Twenty-one multidisciplinary clinicians from one healthcare system.

Specific recognition of an fusion by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from a patient with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (CC), a form of gastrointestinal cancer that originates from the bile ducts, cannot be cured by currently available therapies, and is associated with dismal prognosis. In a previous case report, adoptive transfer of autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), the majority of which recognized a tumor-specific point mutation, led to a profound and durable cancer regression in a patient with metastatic CC. Thus, more effective treatment for patients with this disease may be developed by using TILs that target cancer-specific mutations, but also other genetic aberrations such as gene fusions.

Frequency Variation and Dose Modification of Benznidazole Administration for the Treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Mice, Dogs, and Nonhuman Primates.

Trypanosoma cruzi naturally infects a broad range of mammalian species and frequently results in the pathology that has been most extensively characterized in human Chagas disease. Currently employed treatment regimens fail to achieve parasitological cure of T. cruzi infection in the majority of cases.

What do health care professionals want to know about assisted dying? Setting the research agenda in New Zealand.

Background: New Zealand recently introduced law permitting terminally ill people to request and receive assisted dying (AD) in specified circumstances. Given the nature and complexity of this new health service, research is vital to determine how AD is operating in practice.

Objective: To identify research priorities regarding the implementation and delivery of AD in New Zealand.

Health measurement instruments and their applicability to military veterans: a systematic review.

Introduction: Accurate measurement of health status is essential to assess veterans' needs and the effects of interventions directed at improving veterans' well-being. We conducted a systematic review to identify instruments that measure subjective health status, considering four components (ie, physical, mental, social or spiritual well-being).

Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, we searched CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, JSTOR, ERIC, Social Sciences Abstracts and ProQuest in June 2021 for studies reporting on the development or evaluation of instruments measuring subjective health among outpatient populations.

Measuring the Burden of Infodemics: Summary of the Methods and Results of the Fifth WHO Infodemic Management Conference.

Background: An infodemic is excess information, including false or misleading information, that spreads in digital and physical environments during a public health emergency. The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by an unprecedented global infodemic that has led to confusion about the benefits of medical and public health interventions, with substantial impact on risk-taking and health-seeking behaviors, eroding trust in health authorities and compromising the effectiveness of public health responses and policies. Standardized measures are needed to quantify the harmful impacts of the infodemic in a systematic and methodologically robust manner, as well as harmonizing highly divergent approaches currently explored for this purpose.

Development and Validation of the Glasgow Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Index of Compliance.

Background And Aims: Treatment adherence is key to the efficacy of exclusive enteral nutrition [100% EN] in active Crohn's disease [CD], but there are no biomarkers to objectively estimate this. We explored faecal parameters as biomarkers of compliance with 100% EN, and subsequently developed and validated the Glasgow Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Index of Compliance [GENIE].

Methods: Healthy adults replaced all [100% EN] or part [85% EN, 50% EN, 20% EN] of their diet with a formula for 7 days.