The Food provision, cUlture and Environment in secondary schooLs (FUEL) study: protocol of a mixed methods evaluation of national School Food Standards implementation in secondary schools and their impact on pupils' dietary intake and dental health.

Introduction: Excess free sugar intake is associated with obesity and poor dental health. Adolescents consume substantially more free sugar than is recommended. National (UK) School Food Standards (SFS) are in place but are not mandatory in all schools, and their impact on the diets of secondary school pupils is unknown.

Interactions of LSECtin and DC-SIGN/DC-SIGNR with viral ligands: Differential pH dependence, internalization and virion binding.

The calcium-dependent lectins DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR (collectively termed DC-SIGN/R) bind to high-mannose carbohydrates on a variety of viruses. In contrast, the related lectin LSECtin does not recognize mannose-rich glycans and interacts with a more restricted spectrum of viruses. Here, we analyzed whether these lectins differ in their mode of ligand engagement.

Ascorbic acid regeneration by bovine iris-ciliary body.

Ocular tissues appear to require high levels of ascorbic acid and the elucidation of the mechanisms by which those tissues maintain the vitamin in its reduced state remains an important objective. The regeneration of ascorbate from its oxidative by-product, dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), was studied in bovine iris-ciliary body. Iris-ciliary body was removed by scalpel, weighed, minced, and homogenized in 20 mM MOPS, 62 mM sucrose, and 0.

The cultivation in vitro of cells derived from adult Schistosoma mansoni. I. Methodology; criteria for evaluation of cultures; and development of media.

We describe media and a cultural system that routinely supports development in vitro plaques of several types of cells derived from adult Schistosoma mansoni. The results permit description of several types of cells observed in cultures and of criteria developed for the comparative evaluation of the supportive capacity of different media. Methods for the harvesting of worms, of their preparation for culture, and of the maintenance of cultures are detailed.

Secretin levels in plasma and tissue of the neonatal swine.

The mean fasting serum secretin level determined in newborn swine was found to be 298.0 +/- (SEM) 5 pg/ml, significantly higher than that in the adult animal. Intraduodenal infusion of 0.