Lactobacillus rhamnosus modulates murine neonatal gut microbiota and inflammation caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Background: Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains produce neonatal septicemia after colonizing the neonatal gut. While the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) effectively reduces neonatal sepsis, LGG's effects on the neonatal intestinal microbiota alterations and inflammation triggered by E. coli are incompletely understood.

Bidirectional changes in depressive symptoms and social functioning in older adults attending psychological therapy services.

Background: Impairments in the ability to carry out social activities commonly co-occur alongside depression. Improving social functioning is often overlooked in treatment. This is despite the high value placed by patients on social functioning and the potential for interventions focused on social functioning to have additional benefits in reducing depressive symptoms.

Cardiac autonomic function in REM-related obstructive sleep apnoea: insights from nocturnal heart rate variability profiles.

Purpose: In light of the reported association between REM-related obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and heightened cardiovascular risk, this study aims to compare cardiac autonomic function in patients with REM-OSA and OSA independent of sleep stage. We hypothesized that REM-OSA patients would exhibit higher sympathetic cardiac modulation based on heart rate variability (HRV) profiles.

Methods: HRV was compared between the OSA group (AHI ≥ 5 events/h, n = 252) and the REM-OSA group (AHI ≥ 5 events/h, AHIREM:AHINREM ≥ 2, n = 137).

Exploring deep caries management and barriers to the use of vital pulp treatments by primary care dental practitioners.

Aim: The European Society of Endodontology outlines best practices for the management of deep caries and the pulp. Despite evidence supporting vital pulp treatments (VPTs) as predictable alternatives to conventional endodontic treatment, studies have shown they are not widely adopted in the UK. This study aimed to explore the barriers to implementation of VPTs by primary care general dental practitioners (GDPs).

Characterisation of Symptom and Polysomnographic Profiles Associated with Cardiovascular Risk in a Sleep Clinic Population with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea.

Aim: Recent data have identified specific symptom and polysomnographic profiles associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Our aim was to determine whether these profiles were present at diagnosis of OSA in patients with established CVD and in those with high cardiovascular risk. Participants in the Sydney Sleep Biobank (SSB) database, aged 30-74 years, self-reported presence of CVD (coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, or heart failure).

Australasian Sleep Association 2024 guidelines for sleep studies in adults.

Executive summary: This document is a consensus statement of a subcommittee of experienced sleep physicians and scientists, tasked to review the literature and formulate recommendations on the indications, performance, and reporting of sleep studies, to update clinical practice from the 2017 Australasian Sleep Association (ASA) guidelines for sleep studies in adults (Douglas JA, Chai-Coetzer CL, McEvoy D, et al. Guidelines for sleep studies in adults - a position statement of the Australasian Sleep Association. Sleep Med.

Single-balloon catheter with concomitant vaginal misoprostol is the most effective strategy for labor induction: a meta-review with network meta-analysis.

Objective: Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been conducted to summarize the evidence for the efficacy of various labor induction agents. However, the most effective agents or strategies have not been conclusively determined. We aimed to perform a meta-review and network meta-analysis of published systematic reviews to determine the efficacy and safety of currently employed pharmacologic, mechanical, and combined methods of labor induction.

Thermal Rearrangement of Thiocarbonyl-Stabilised Triphenylphosphonium Ylides Leading to ()-1-Diphenylphosphino-2-(phenylsulfenyl)alkenes and Their Coordination Chemistry.

While thiocarbonyl-stabilised phosphonium ylides generally react upon flash vacuum pyrolysis by the extrusion of PhPS to give alkynes in an analogous way to their carbonyl-stabilised analogues, two examples with a hydrogen atom on the ylidic carbon are found to undergo a quite different process. The net transfer of a phenyl group from P to S gives ()-configured 1-diphenylphosphino-2-(phenylsulfenyl)alkenes in a novel isomerisation process via intermediate λ-1,2-thiaphosphetes. These prove to be versatile hemilabile ligands with a total of seven complexes prepared involving five different transition metals.

Symptom Burden of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Attending the Westmead Breathlessness Service: Prevalence, Associations, and Sex-Related Differences.

Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease resulting in a range of symptoms including breathlessness. "Symptom burden" describes the severity and impact of multiple symptoms in an individual and is best quantified using validated symptom instruments but is not routinely measured in clinical practice. Therefore, we wanted to assess overall symptom burden in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD and find associated independent predictors.

Post-incident psychosocial interventions after a traumatic incident in the workplace: a systematic review of current research evidence and clinical guidance.

After a traumatic incident in the workplace organisations want to provide support for their employees to prevent PTSD. However, what is safe and effective to offer has not yet been established, despite many organisations offering some form of intervention after a traumatic event. To systematically review the evidence for post-incident psychosocial interventions offered within one month of a workplace trauma, and to compare the content, effectiveness and acceptability of these interventions.

Understanding the psychological therapy treatment outcomes for young adults who are not in education, employment, or training (NEET), moderators of outcomes, and what might be done to improve them.

Background: To determine: whether young adults (aged 18-24) not in education, employment or training (NEET) have different psychological treatment outcomes to other young adults; any socio-demographic or treatment-related moderators of differential outcomes; and whether service-level changes are associated with better outcomes for those who are NEET.

Methods: A cohort was formed of 20 293 young adults treated with psychological therapies in eight Improving Access to Psychological Therapies services. Pre-treatment characteristics, outcomes, and moderators of differential outcomes were compared for those who were and were not NEET.

A service evaluation of phased- and stepped-care psychological support for health and social care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionally affected the mental health of health and social care workers (HSCWs), with many experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological interventions have been offered via mental health services and in-house psychology teams, but their effectiveness in this context is not well documented.

Aims: To evaluate a stepped-care psychological support pathway for HSCWs from Homerton Healthcare Foundation Trust in London, which offered psychological first aid, evidence-based psychological therapies and group-based well-being workshops.

Examining bi-directional change in sleep and depression symptoms in individuals receiving routine psychological treatment.

Background: Sleep disturbance is a common symptom of depression. There is conflicting evidence whether improvements in sleep might impact depressive symptoms, or whether treating the core depressive symptoms might improve sleep disturbance. This study explored the bi-directional impact of sleep and depressive symptom change among individuals receiving psychological treatment.

Measurement invariance of the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 across males and females seeking treatment for common mental health disorders.

Background: The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) scales are routinely used in research and clinical practice. Whilst measurement invariance of these measures across gender has been demonstrated individually in general population studies and clinical samples, less is known about invariance of the distinct but correlated latent factors ('depression' and 'anxiety'). The current study assessed measurement invariance of these constructs across males and females seeking treatment for common mental health disorders.

Assessment of Intestinal Transcytosis of Neonatal Escherichia coli Bacteremia Isolates.

Newborns ingest maternal E. coli strains that colonize their intestinal tract around the time of delivery. E.

The association between trajectories of change in social functioning and psychological treatment outcome in university students: a growth mixture model analysis.

Background: The transition to university and resultant social support network disruption can be detrimental to the mental health of university students. As the need for mental health support is becoming increasingly prevalent in students, identification of factors associated with poorer outcomes is a priority. Changes in social functioning have a bi-directional relationship with mental health, however it is not clear how such measures may be related to effectiveness of psychological treatments.

Symptom-specific effects of counselling for depression compared to cognitive-behavioural therapy.

Background: Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and counselling for depression (CfD) are recommended first-line treatments for depression. While they approach change differently, there is little understanding of the impact those approaches have on change during treatment.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify whether CBT and CfD target different symptoms and explore the implications of modelling choices when quantifying change during treatment.

Patient reflections, challenges, and supports related to early liver transplant for severe alcohol-associated liver disease.

Transplant centers conventionally require at least 6 months of alcohol abstinence before offering liver transplants for alcohol-associated liver disease. However, early liver transplant (ELT)-proceeding with a transplant when clinically necessary without first meeting the conventional requirement-is increasingly gaining attention. In our study, we qualitatively assessed ELT recipients' perceived challenges and supports regarding alcohol-associated liver disease, transplant, and posttransplant survivorship.

Sleep disordered breathing has minimal association with retinal microvascular diameters in a non-diabetic sleep clinic cohort.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may increase stroke risk; retinal arteriolar (central retinal arteriolar equivalent, CRAE) diameter narrowing and/or retinal venular (central retinal venule equivalent, CRVE) widening may predict stroke. We examined relationships between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and CRAE and CRVE and in a diabetes-free sleep clinic cohort.

Methods: Patients for SDB assessment were recruited (Main Group, n = 264, age: 58.

Forelimb Resistance Exercise Protects Against Neuromuscular Junction Denervation in the SOD1-G93A Rat Model of ALS.

Introduction: The symptoms of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) include muscle weakness and eventual paralysis. These symptoms result from denervation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and motor neuron cell death in the brain and spinal cord. Due to the "dying back" pattern of motor neuron degeneration, protecting NMJs should be a therapeutic priority.

Diabetes and hyperglycaemia among hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in Western Sydney: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Diabetes has been recognised as a major risk factor for COVID-19 mortality and hospital complications in earlier studies.

Aims: To examine the characteristics of hospitalised COVID-19 patients with diabetes and the impact of diabetes and hyperglycaemia on hospital outcomes.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study.

The prognostic value of elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio for cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at significant risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a widely available inflammatory biomarker which may be of prognostic value in this setting.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting associations between perioperative NLR with postoperative AKI.