Perspectives of Surgical Research Residents on Improving Their Reentry Into Clinical Training.

Objective: Concerns exist about clinical and operative skill decay in surgery residents when they dedicate time away from clinical training to pursue research. However, it remains undetermined how to best prevent these negative impacts. Our study evaluated the perspectives of surgical research residents on interventions to improve their reentry into clinical training.

Aster-dependent nonvesicular transport facilitates dietary cholesterol uptake.

Intestinal absorption is an important contributor to systemic cholesterol homeostasis. Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) assists in the initial step of dietary cholesterol uptake, but how cholesterol moves downstream of NPC1L1 is unknown. We show that Aster-B and Aster-C are critical for nonvesicular cholesterol movement in enterocytes.

Role Reversal Between Trainees and Surgeons: Improving Autonomy and Confidence in Surgical Residents.

Introduction: There are increasing concerns regarding resident autonomy in the context of efficiency, legal ramifications, patient expectations and patient safety. However, autonomy is necessary to develop competent, independent surgeons. Therefore, educational paradigms that maximize opportunities for entrustability without sacrificing patient safety are necessary to ensure adequate training for surgeons.

Improving the financial wellness of general surgery residents: A nationwide survey.

Background: Our study evaluated general surgery resident indebtedness and perspectives on financial compensation.

Methods: In May 2020, a survey was distributed nationwide by general surgery program directors in the Association of Program Directors in Surgery on a voluntary basis to their residents.

Results: The survey was completed by 419 general surgery residents.

Socioeconomic Disparities in Pancreas Cancer Resection and Survival in the Veterans Health Administration.

Background: Disparities based on socioeconomic factors such as race, ethnicity, marital status, and insurance status are associated with pancreatic cancer resection, but these disparities are usually not observed for survival after resection. It is unknown if there are disparities when patients undergo their treatment in a non-fee-for-service, equal-access healthcare system such as the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

Methods: Patients having T1-T3 M0 pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed between 2006 and 2017 were identified from the VHA Corporate Data Warehouse.

Recurrent Nerve Injury After Total Thyroidectomy: Risk Factor Analysis of a Targeted NSQIP Data Set.

Background: Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is a significant complication after thyroidectomy. Understanding risk factors for RLN injury and the associated postoperative complications may help inform quality improvement initiatives.

Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) thyroidectomy-targeted database was utilized for patients undergoing total thyroidectomy between 2016 and 2017.

Associations of gender, race, and ethnicity with disparities in short-term adverse outcomes after pancreatic resection for cancer.

Background: Several studies have identified disparities in pancreatic cancer treatment associated with gender, race, and ethnicity. There are limited data examining disparities in short-term adverse outcomes after pancreatic resection for cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate associations of gender, race, and ethnicity with morbidity and mortality after pancreatic resection for malignancy.

Differential cytokine and chemokine expression during rejection and infection following intestinal transplantation.

Background/objectives: Rejection and infectious enteritis in intestinal transplant (ITx) patients present with virtually identical symptoms. Currently, the gold standard for differentiating between these two conditions is endoscopy, which is invasive and costly. Our primary aim was to identify differences in peripheral blood cytokines during episodes of acute cellular rejection (ACR) and infectious enteritis in patients with intestinal transplants.

Evaluation of Operative Notes for Splenic Flexure Mobilization: Are the Key Aspects Being Reported?

Given the importance of operative documentation, we reviewed operative notes for surgeries that required splenic flexure mobilization (SFM) to determine their accuracy. We performed a retrospective review of 51 operative notes for complete SFMs performed at a single institution from January 2015 to June 2020. None of the operative notes reported a rationale for performing SFM, use of preoperative imaging to guide technical approach, reasoning for the operative method and mobilization approach used, or specific steps taken to ensure that SFM was done safely.

The Face Mask at the Intersection of Preventive Science, Domestic Politics, and International Diplomacy: A Historical Perspective.

The face mask has been used to protect against airborne diseases throughout history. We conducted a historical review of the literature on the origin of the face mask, the scientific evidence of its benefits, and its implications for domestic and international politics. We performed a comprehensive search for peer- and nonpeer- reviewed literature published between 1905 and 2020.