Investigating Sensitivity to Shared Information and Personal Experience in Children's Use of Majority Information.

Children and adults alike rely on others to learn about the world, but also need to be able to determine the strength of both their own evidence as well as the evidence that other people provide, particularly when different sources of information disagree. For example, if two informants agree on a belief but share the same evidence, their testimony is statistically dependent on each other, and may be weaker evidence for that belief than two informants who draw on different pieces of evidence to support that belief. Across three experiments (total = 492), we examine how 4- and 5-year-old children evaluate statistical dependency on a task where they must determine which of two jars that toys were drawn from.

Do household ties matter for diabetes awareness and self-care behaviors? Insights from the Hispanic community health study/study of latinos.

Objective: Examine the association of household ties with diabetes awareness and self-care behaviors among Hispanic/Latinos.

Research Design And Methods: Data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos were used (Visit 2; 2014-2017; n = 11,071). Household ties (none, extended, and close), sex, and loneliness were used in a cluster analysis to derive the household clusters.

Existence and stability of equilibria in infectious disease dynamics with behavioral feedback.

Mathematical models have provided a general framework for understanding the dynamics and control of infectious disease. Many compartmental models are limited in that they do not account for the range of behavioral feedbacks that have been observed in the response to emerging infections. Here we expand on the SIR compartmental model framework by introducing a general class of behavioral feedbacks that encompasses both individual responses and nonpharmaceutical interventions.

Assessing student and patient perspectives on pharmacist-prescribed hormonal contraceptives.

Background: Increasing convenient, accessible, and cost effective contraceptive access is critically important. Two-thirds of U.S.

Quality of life among older patients after elective ventral hernia repair: A retrospective review.

Background: Ventral hernia repair is a common elective general surgery procedure among older patients, a population at greater risk of complications. Prior research has demonstrated improved quality of life in this population despite increased risk of complications. This study sought to assess the relationship between post-ventral hernia repair quality of life and patient frailty.

Outcomes and quality of life of frail patients following elective ventral hernia repair: Retrospective review of a national hernia collaborative.

Background: Ventral hernia repair (VHR) is one of the most common general surgery procedures among older adults but is often deferred due to a higher risk of complications. This study compares postoperative quality of life (QOL) and complications between frail and non-frail patients undergoing elective VHR. We hypothesized that frail patients would have higher complication rates and smaller gains in quality of life compared to non-frail patients.

Assessing pharmacist and clinician perspectives on pharmacist-prescribed hormonal contraceptives.

Background: After the Dobbs et al. ruling in June 2022 by the U.S.

Widespread support for a global species list with a formal governance system.

Taxonomic data are a scientific common. Unlike nomenclature, which has strong governance institutions, there are currently no generally accepted governance institutions for the compilation of taxonomic data into an accepted global list. This gap results in challenges for conservation, ecological research, policymaking, international trade, and other areas of scientific and societal importance.

Thermal safety considerations for implantable micro-coil design.

Micro magnetic stimulation of the brain via implantable micro-coils is a promising novel technology for neuromodulation. Careful consideration of the thermodynamic profile of such devices is necessary for effective and safe designs.We seek to quantify the thermal profile of bent wire micro-coils in order to understand and mitigate thermal impacts of micro-coil stimulation.

Paenibacillus spp infection among infants with postinfectious hydrocephalus in Uganda: an observational case-control study.

Background: Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus is a cause of postinfectious hydrocephalus among Ugandan infants. To determine whether Paenibacillus spp is a pathogen in neonatal sepsis, meningitis, and postinfectious hydrocephalus, we aimed to complete three separate studies of Ugandan infants. The first study was on peripartum prevalence of Paenibacillus in mother-newborn pairs.

Stabilizing the return to normal behavior in an epidemic.

Predicting the interplay between infectious disease and behavior has been an intractable problem because behavioral response is so varied. We introduce a general framework for feedback between incidence and behavior for an infectious disease. By identifying stable equilibria, we provide policy end-states that are self-managing and self-maintaining.

MEMS micro-coils for magnetic neurostimulation.

Micro-coil magnetic stimulation of brain tissue presents new challenges for MEMS micro-coil probe fabrication. The main challenges are threefold; (i) low coil resistance for high power efficiency, (ii) low leak current from the probe into the in vitro experimental set-up, (iii) adaptive MEMS process technology because of the dynamic research area, which requires agile design changes. Taking on these challenges, we present a MEMS fabrication process that has three main features; (i) multilayer resist lift-off process to pattern up to 1800-nm-thick metal films, and special care is taken to obtain high conductivity thin-films by physical vapor deposition, and (ii) all micro-coil Al wires are encapsulated in at least 200 nm of ALD alumina and 6-μm-thick parylene C such the leak resistance is high (>210 GΩ), (iii) combining a multi-step DRIE process and maskless photolithography for adaptive design and device fabrication.

Verification of operational numerical weather prediction model forecasts of precipitation using satellite rainfall estimates over Africa.

Rainfall is an important variable to be able to monitor and forecast across Africa, due to its impact on agriculture, food security, climate-related diseases and public health. Numerical weather models (NWMs) are an important component of this work, due to their complete spatial coverage, high resolution and ability to forecast into the future. In this study, the spatio-temporal skill of short-term forecasts of rainfall across Africa from 2016 through 2018 is evaluated.

IDENTIFIABILITY OF INFECTION MODEL PARAMETERS EARLY IN AN EPIDEMIC.

It is known that the parameters in the deterministic and stochastic SEIR epidemic models are structurally identifiable. For example, from knowledge of the infected population time series () during the entire epidemic, the parameters can be successfully estimated. In this article we observe that estimation will fail in practice if only infected case data during the early part of the epidemic (prepeak) is available.

Genomic prediction with whole-genome sequence data in intensely selected pig lines.

Background: Early simulations indicated that whole-genome sequence data (WGS) could improve the accuracy of genomic predictions within and across breeds. However, empirical results have been ambiguous so far. Large datasets that capture most of the genomic diversity in a population must be assembled so that allele substitution effects are estimated with high accuracy.

Thermal effects on neurons during stimulation of the brain.

All electric and magnetic stimulation of the brain deposits thermal energy in the brain. This occurs through either Joule heating of the conductors carrying current through electrodes and magnetic coils, or through dissipation of energy in the conductive brain.Although electrical interaction with brain tissue is inseparable from thermal effects when electrodes are used, magnetic induction enables us to separate Joule heating from induction effects by contrasting AC and DC driving of magnetic coils using the same energy deposition within the conductors.

Social integration predicts survival in female white-faced capuchin monkeys.

Across multiple species of social mammals, a growing number of studies have found that individual sociality is associated with survival. In long-lived species, like primates, lifespan is one of the main components of fitness. We used 18 years of data from the Lomas Barbudal Monkey Project to quantify social integration in 11 capuchin () groups and tested whether female survivorship was associated with females' tendencies to interact with three types of partners: (1) all group members, (2) adult females, and (3) adult males.

Crosstalk between guanosine nucleotides regulates cellular heterogeneity in protein synthesis during nutrient limitation.

Phenotypic heterogeneity of microbial populations can facilitate survival in dynamic environments by generating sub-populations of cells that may have differential fitness in a future environment. Bacillus subtilis cultures experiencing nutrient limitation contain distinct sub-populations of cells exhibiting either comparatively high or low protein synthesis activity. This heterogeneity requires the production of phosphorylated guanosine nucleotides (pp)pGpp by three synthases: SasA, SasB, and RelA.

The structure of executive functions in preschool children and chimpanzees.

Executive functions (EF) are a core aspect of cognition. Research with adult humans has produced evidence for unity and diversity in the structure of EF. Studies with preschoolers favour a 1-factor model, in which variation in EF tasks is best explained by a single underlying trait on which all EF tasks load.

Associations of Self-Care Health Behaviors With Driving Cessation Among Older Drivers.

Older adults are at risk of driving cessation as they age, which can result in negative health outcomes including loss of independence. This study aimed to investigate the associations of self-care health behaviors with the risk of driving cessation. Demographics, health and driving characteristics were captured from healthcare systems in Denver, CO, San Diego, CA, Ann Arbor, MI, Baltimore, MD and Cooperstown, NY for 2,990 adults at baseline then followed from July 2015 to January 2021 in-person assessments and questionnaires.

Validity Evidence for a Novel, Comprehensive Bag-Mask Ventilation Assessment Tool.

Objective: To develop a comprehensive competency assessment tool for pediatric bag-mask ventilation (pBMV) and demonstrate multidimensional validity evidence for this tool.

Study Design: A novel pBMV assessment tool was developed consisting of 3 components: a 22-item-based checklist (trichotomized response), global rating scale (GRS, 5-point), and entrustment assessment (4-point). Participants' performance in a realistic simulation scenario was video-recorded and assessed by blinded raters.

Periodontal disease and incident prediabetes and diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Aim: To examine whether baseline periodontal disease is independently associated with incident prediabetes and incident diabetes in Hispanics/Latinos in the United States.

Materials And Methods: This study examined 7827 individuals, 18-74 years of age without diabetes, from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Participants received a full-mouth periodontal examination at baseline (2008-2011), and the disease was classified using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology case definitions.