An Optimized Ex Vivo n-3 PUFA Supplementation Strategy for Primary Human Macrophages Shows That DHA Suppresses Prostaglandin E2 Formation.

Evidence suggests beneficial effects of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in inflammatory diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms are still subject of research. For this purpose, we developed an ex vivo n-3 PUFA supplementation strategy.

Effect of FADS1 SNPs rs174546, rs174547 and rs174550 on blood fatty acid profiles and plasma free oxylipins.

Introduction: Previous studies have indicated that activity of fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1), is involved in cardiometabolic risk. Recent experimental data have shown that FADS1 knockdown can promote lipid accumulation and lipid droplet formation in liver cells. In this study, we aimed to characterize whether different FADS1 genotypes affect liver fat content, essential fatty acid content and free oxylipin mediators in the blood.

Circulating Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Levels in Coronary Heart Disease: Pooled Analysis of 36 Observational Studies.

Unlabelled: Long-chain -3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation has shown potential benefits in the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD); however, the impact of omega-3 fatty acid levels on CHD risk remains a subject of debate. Here, we aimed to investigate the association between -3 PUFA levels and the risk of CHD, with particular reference to the subtypes of -3 PUFA.

Methods: Prospective studies and retrospective case-control studies analyzing -3 PUFA levels in CHD, published up to 30 July 2022, were selected.

Changing from lipoprotein apheresis to evolocumab treatment lowers circulating levels of arachidonic acid and oxylipins.

Background And Aims: Previous studies have shown that lipoprotein apheresis can modify the plasma lipidome and pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic lipid mediators. This has not been examined for treatment with protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors such as evolocumab, which are increasingly used instead of lipoprotein apheresis in treatment-resistant familial hypercholesterolemia. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of evolocumab treatment and lipoprotein apheresis on the fatty acid profile and on formation of lipid mediators in blood samples.

Corrigendum: Sorafenib increases cytochrome P450 lipid metabolites in patient with hepatocellular carcinoma.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.

Ketogenic Diet Has Moderate Effects on the Fecal Microbiota of Wild-Type Mice.

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that has been reported to have neuroprotective effects. The health effects of KD might be linked to an altered gut microbiome, which plays a major role in host health, leading to neuroprotective effects via the gut-brain axis. However, results from different studies, most often based on the 16S rRNA gene and metagenome sequencing, have been inconsistent.

Bioactive oxylipins in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without hypertriglyceridemia.

Objective: Dyslipidemia, in particular elevated triglycerides (TGs) contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this pilot study we aimed to assess how increased TGs affect hepatic fat as well as polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism and oxylipin formation in T2DM patients.

Methods: 40 patients with T2DM were characterized analyzing routine lipid blood parameters, as well as medical history and clinical characteristics.

Transgenic mice overexpressing human ALOX15 under the control of the aP2 promoter are partly protected in the complete Freund's adjuvant-induced paw inflammation model.

Background, Objectives And Design: Arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases but since pro- and anti-inflammatory roles have been suggested, the precise function of this enzyme is still a matter of discussion. To contribute to this discussion, we created transgenic mice, which express human ALOX15 under the control of the activating protein 2 promoter (aP2-ALOX15 mice) and compared the sensitivity of these gain-of-function animals in two independent mouse inflammation models with Alox15-deficient mice (loss-of-function animals) and wildtype control animals.

Materials And Methods: Transgenic aP2-ALOX15 mice were tested in comparison with Alox15 knockout mice (Alox15) and corresponding wildtype control animals (C57BL/6J) in the complete Freund's adjuvant induced hind-paw edema model and in the dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis (DSS-colitis) model.

Effects of Seed Oil on Cultured Human Sebocytes In Vitro and Comparison with Other Oil Types.

The seeds of (horseradish tree) contain about 40% of one of the most stable vegetable oils (Moringa seed oil). Therefore, the effects of Moringa seed oil on human SZ95 sebocytes were investigated and were compared with other vegetable oils. Immortalized human SZ95 sebocytes were treated with Moringa seed oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, linoleic acid and oleic acid.

Sorafenib increases cytochrome P450 lipid metabolites in patient with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer death, and medical treatment options are limited. The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib was the first approved drug widely used for systemic therapy in advanced HCC. Sorafenib might affect polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-derived epoxygenated metabolite levels, as it is also a potent inhibitor of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which catalyzes the conversion of cytochrome-P450 (CYP)-derived epoxide metabolites derived from PUFA, such as omega-6 arachidonic acid (AA) and omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), into their corresponding dihydroxy metabolites.

Generation of colon cancer-derived tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) for adoptive cell therapy.

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using specific immune cells and stem cells has emerged as a promising treatment option that could complement traditional cancer therapies in the future. In particular, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been shown to be effective against solid tumors in various clinical trials. Despite the enormous disease burden and large number of premature deaths caused by colorectal cancer (CRC), studies on TILs isolated from tumor tissue of patients with CRC are still rare.

The effects of omega-3 fatty acids in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cardiovascular risk modification in type 2 diabetes and related complications remain unclear. We aim to assess the published effects of n-3 PUFA interventions on lipid risk factors in type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We searched the literature on Pubmed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases in order to perform a pooled analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing n-3 PUFA interventions in type 2 diabetes.

Association of Interleukin-1 Beta and Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Gene Polymorphisms and Plasma Levels with Diabetic Nephropathy.

Objective: We investigated the relationships between interleukin- (IL-) 1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) gene polymorphism and plasma levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods: The genotype and allele frequency distribution of IL-1 and IL-1Ra in 61 patients with DN and 48 healthy controls (HCs) were determined by kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP), and the plasma concentrations of IL-1 and IL-1Ra in DN patients and HCs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).

Results: Significant differences were detected in the distribution of IL-1 (-511C/T) genotype and allele frequencies between the DN and HC groups ( < 0.

Physical Performance and Non-Esterified Fatty Acids in Men and Women after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI).

Background: Men and women with valvular heart disease have different risk profiles for clinical endpoints. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are possibly involved in cardio-metabolic disease. However, it is unclear whether NEFA concentrations are associated with physical performance in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and whether there are sex-specific effects.

[Epidemiology and surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer in the State of Brandenburg : Analysis of 5418 cases].

Background: Pancreatic cancer is the second most frequent cause of death among all forms of cancer in Germany with more than 19,000 deaths per year. The evaluation of the nationwide clinical cancer register aims to depict the reality of treatment and to improve the quality of treatment in the future by targeted analyses.

Method: The data from the clinical cancer register of Brandenburg-Berlin for the diagnosis years 2001-2017 were analyzed with respect to the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Knock-In Mice Expressing a 15-Lipoxygenating Alox5 Mutant Respond Differently to Experimental Inflammation Than Reported Mice.

Arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes. We recently created knock-in mice (-KI) which express an arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenating Alox5 mutant instead of the 5-lipoxygenating wildtype enzyme. These mice were leukotriene deficient but exhibited an elevated linoleic acid oxygenase activity.

Secure and optimized detection of rs738409 genotype by an improved PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.

The  reference single-nucleotide polymorphism rs738409 has been identified as a predisposing factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A simple method based on PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis had been published to detect the nonpathogenic allele  rs738409 variant. The presence of the pathogenic variant was deduced by the indigestibility of the corresponding PCR product with CI recognizing the nonpathogenic allele.

Prevalence and Course of IgA and IgG Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Germany: Interim Results from an Ongoing Observational Cohort Study.

(1) Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are prone to intensified exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the ongoing pandemic. We prospectively analyzed the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in HCWs at baseline and follow up with regard to clinical signs and symptoms in two university hospitals in Brandenburg, Germany. (2) Methods: Screening for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG antibodies was offered to HCWs at baseline and follow up two months thereafter in two hospitals of Brandenburg Medical School during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany in an ongoing observational cohort study.

Oxylipin patterns in human colon adenomas.

Objective: Cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostaglandin E (PGE) is an important lipid mediator in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) pathogenesis. Other lipid mediators derived from lipoxygenases (LOX) have also been implicated in neoplastic processes in the colon. In this study we aimed to characterize lipid mediators, so called oxylipins, in human colon adenomatous polyps.