Ferrocene-Based N-Heterocyclic Silylenes: Monomeric Silanechalcogenones, Silanimines, Silirenes, and Insertion Products with P.

The stable ferrocene-based N-heterocyclic silylenes fc[(N{B})Si] (A; fc=1,1'-ferrocenylene, {B}=(HCNDipp)B, Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl) and fc[(NDipp)Si] (B) are compared in a study focussing on their reactivity towards a range of small to moderately sized molecular substrates, viz. P, S, Se, MesN (Mes=mesityl), RC≡CH, and RC≡CR (R=Ph, SiMe). The Dipp-substituted congener B exhibits a more pronounced ambiphilicity and is sterically less congested than its 1,3,2-diazaborolyl-substituted relative A, in line with the higher reactivity of the former.

Exploring patterns of female house mouse spatial organisation among outbreaking and stable populations.

The size and distribution of home ranges reflect how individuals within a population use, defend, and share space and resources, and may thus be an important predictor of population-level dynamics. Eruptive species, such as the house mouse in Australian grain-growing regions, are an ideal species in which to investigate variations in space use and home range overlap between stable and outbreaking populations. In this study, we use spatially explicit capture-recapture models to explore if space use and home range overlap among female mice could serve as indicators of changes in population density leading into summer.

Prospective, multi-centric, international, single-arm, cohort study to assess a synthetic polyamide suture material in oral surgery to close the mucosa - MUCODA study.

Objectives: The aim was to collect different clinical parameters systematically and proactively regarding safety, effectiveness, and performance of a nylon monofilament suture under routine clinical practice for oral surgery.

Methods: The study design was prospective, bicentric, international, single-armed, and observational. A non-absorbable suture was applied to close the mucosa after different dental surgical interventions.

Social media as a tool to understand the distribution and ecology of elusive mammals.

Comparatively little is known about the distribution and ecology of Aardvark () and Temminck's Ground Pangolin (). Both are elusive species that are normally nocturnal, solitary, and fossorial. Formally collected records have been used to map the distribution of these species, and social media records provide a tool to gather information on their distribution and ecology.

From chip to SNP: Rapid development and evaluation of a targeted capture genotyping-by-sequencing approach to support research and management of a plaguing rodent.

The management of invasive species has been greatly enhanced by population genetic analyses of multilocus single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) datasets that provide critical information regarding pest population structure, invasion pathways, and reproductive biology. For many applications there is a need for protocols that offer rapid, robust and efficient genotyping on the order of hundreds to thousands of SNPs, that can be tailored to specific study populations and that are scalable for long-term monitoring schemes. Despite its status as a model laboratory species, there are few existing resources for studying wild populations of house mice (Mus musculus spp.

Effects of harvesting and stubble management on abundance of pest rodents (Mus musculus) in a conservation agriculture system.

Background: The shift to more environmentally sensitive agricultural practices over the last several decades has changed farmland landscapes worldwide. Changes including no-till and retaining high biomass mulch has been coincident with an increase in rodent pests in South Africa, India, South America and Europe, indicating a possible conflict between conservation agriculture (CA) and rodent pest management. Research on effects of various crop management practices associated with CA on pest rodent population dynamics is needed to anticipate and develop CA-relevant management strategies.

An Unusual Presentation of Crohn's Disease and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal bowel disorders that may affect any part of the alimentary tract. Classically, these two diseases have hallmark associations, such as UC with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). We present a case of a healthy 21-year-old white female with concomitant CD and PSC, complicated by a biliary stricture requiring stent placement.

Effects of background food on alternative grain uptake and zinc phosphide efficacy in wild house mice.

Background: House mice (Mus musculus) cause significant, ongoing losses to grain crops in Australia, particularly during mouse plagues. Zinc phosphide (ZnP) coated grain is used for control, but with variable success. In a laboratory setting, we tested if mice would (i) switch from consumption of one grain type to another when presented with an alternative and (ii) consume ZnP-treated grains when presented as a choice with a different grain.

Reactivity of an N-heterocyclic silylene with a 1,1'-ferrocenediyl backbone towards carbonyl compounds, including carbon suboxide.

Reactions of a silylene with a ketene and with carbon suboxide are reported, respectively leading to the first silaallene oxide and to a silylketene, whose reaction with water affords the first structurally characterised stable methyleneketene and constitutes a unique type of single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation of a molecular solid by a stoichiometric gas-solid chemical reaction.

A Stable N-Heterocyclic Silylene with a 1,1'-Ferrocenediyl Backbone.

The N-heterocyclic silylene [{Fe(η -C H -NDipp) }Si] (1DippSi, Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl) shows an excellent combination of pronounced thermal stability and high reactivity towards small molecules. It reacts readily with CO and N O, respectively affording (1DippSiO ) C and (1DippSiO) as follow-up products of the silanone 1DippSiO. Its reactions with H O, NH , and FcPH (Fc=ferrocenyl) furnish the respective oxidative addition products 1DippSi(H)X (X=OH, NH , PHFc).

Increased Diurnal Activity Is Indicative of Energy Deficit in a Nocturnal Mammal, the Aardvark.

Shifting activity to cooler times of day buffers animals from increased heat and aridity under climate change. Conversely, when resources are limited, some nocturnal species become more diurnal, reducing energetic costs of keeping warm at night. Aardvarks () are nocturnal, obligate ant- and termite-eating mammals which may be threatened directly by increasing heat and aridity, or indirectly by the effects of climate change on their prey.

Redox-Active N-Heterocyclic Germylenes and Stannylenes with a Ferrocene-1,1'-diyl Backbone.

We describe ferrocene-based N-heterocyclic germylenes and stannylenes of the type [Fe{(η -C H )NR} E:] (1 RE; E=Ge, Sn; R=neopentyl (Np), mesityl (Mes), trimethylsilyl (TMS)), which constitute the first examples of redox-functionalised N-heterocyclic tetrylenes (NHTs). These compounds are thermally stable and were structurally characterised by means of X-ray diffraction studies, except for the neopentyl-substituted stannylene 1 NpSn, the decomposition of which afforded the aminoiminoferrocene [fc(NHCH tBu)(N=CHtBu)] (2) and the spiro tin(IV) compound (1 Np) Sn (3). DFT calculations show that the HOMO of the NHTs of our study is localised on the ferrocenylene backbone.

Patient attendance in a recall program after prosthodontic rehabilitation: a 5-year follow-up.

Purpose: This study evaluated the recall attendance and maintenance for a patient population after prosthodontic treatment in undergraduate student courses.

Materials And Methods: Four hundred ninety-three patients who received fixed restorations (FRs; crowns or fixed partial dentures) or removable partial dentures (RPDs; conical crown-retained or precision attachment-retained dental prostheses) were included in a recall program. The number of patients attending regularly scheduled follow-up visits every 6 months was recorded.

Preliminary functional results of endoscope-assisted transoral treatment of displaced bilateral condylar mandible fractures.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function was evaluated following endoscope-assisted transoral open reduction and miniplate fixation of displaced bilateral condylar mandibular fractures. The transoral treatment of bilateral condylar fractures was performed in 13 patients from May 2000 to December 2004. Eleven of the 13 patients had additional mandibular fractures.

Semiautomatic procedure for individual preforming of titanium meshes for orbital fractures.

Background: Three-dimensional reconstruction of the orbital floor is a key procedure in primary or secondary orbital deformity. A new procedure for individually bending and preforming implants preoperatively for the reconstruction of orbital fractures is presented.

Methods: By using diagnostic computed tomographic scan data, the topography of the orbital floor and wall structures can be recalculated.

Topographical CT-data analysis of the human orbital floor.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the topographical anatomy of the human orbital floor for the production of prefabricated implants on the basis of computer tomography data. A database of 279 CT scans of Caucasian patients without traumatic deformation of the midface was analysed. 3D-image segmentation of the midfacial skeleton was performed using a computer-assisted protocol.

Individually preformed titanium mesh implants for a true-to-original repair of orbital fractures.

The purpose of this investigation is to present the results using preoperatively-formed titanium mesh implants for a true-to-original primary repair of extensive orbital floor and medial wall fractures. Individually preformed implants were used to repair extensive orbital floor injuries in 19 patients at the University Hospital, Freiburg. The form of the orbital floor and walls was analysed by preoperative diagnostic CT scan data.

Anatomical 3-dimensional pre-bent titanium implant for orbital floor fractures.

Purpose: This cadaver study evaluates the use of pre-bent 3-dimensional titanium mesh implants for orbital floor and medial wall reconstruction.

Design: Nonrandomized comparative study.

Participants: Eight human cadaveric heads (n = 16 orbits).

Computer-assisted extracorporeal orbital reconstruction after optic nerve decompression by removal of sphenoid bone.

The removal of sphenoid bone parts was performed by the admitting neurosurgeons on a patient who presented an optic nerve compression syndrome. Beside the orbital trauma, an extensive midfacial trauma was sustained with dislocated multifractures of the zygomatic complex. In a secondary procedure, the orbital cavity was reconstructed successfully using 3 different methods of computer-assisted surgery.

Cervicofacial necrotizing fasciitis.

Cervical necrotizing fasciitis is a fast spreading acute soft tissue inflammation. Death can occur within 12-24 h. Early identification and treatment is needed.

Human thiopurine S-methyltransferase activity in uremia and after renal transplantation.

Unlabelled: In addition to cyclosporin and steroids, azathioprine is frequently used for immunosuppression after renal transplantation. Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) catalyses the S-methylation of thiopurine drugs. A genetic polymorphism was shown with 1 in 300 homozygous for a TPMT deficiency.