Personalized cue-reactive delta-theta oscillations guide deep brain stimulation for opioid use disorder.

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a significant public health concern, with over 30% failing available treatment. Severe SUD is characterized by drug-cue reactivity that predicts treatment-failure. We leveraged this pathophysiological feature to personalize deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens region (NAc) in an SUD patient.

Cardiac overexpression of a mitochondrial SUR2A splice variant impairs cardiac function and worsens myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in female mice.

The small splice variant of the sulfonylurea receptor protein isoform 2 A (SUR2A-55) targets mitochondria and enhances mitoK activity. In male mice the overexpression of this protein promotes cardioprotection, reducing myocardial injury after an ischemic insult. However, it is unclear what impact SUR2A-55 overexpression has on the female myocardium.

Clearing the air: A systematic review of studies on air pollution and childhood brain outcomes to mobilize policy change.

Climate change, wildfires, and environmental justice concerns have drawn increased attention to the impact of air pollution on children's health and development. Children are especially vulnerable to air pollution exposure, as their brains and bodies are still developing. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize available empirical evidence on the associations between air pollution exposure and brain outcomes in developmental samples (ages 0-18 years old).

From an idea to the marketplace: Identifying and addressing ethical and regulatory considerations across the digital health product-development lifecycle.

Widespread adoption of digital health tools has the potential to improve health and health care for individuals and their communities, but realizing this potential requires anticipating and addressing numerous ethical and regulatory challenges. Here, we help digital health tool developers identify ethical and regulatory considerations - and opportunities to advance desirable outcomes - by organizing them within a general product-development lifecycle that spans generation of ideas to commercialization of a product.

The effect of opting-in versus opting-out forming on the rate of reported variants of questionable significance in prenatal microarray.

Objective: To examine the effect of patient-selected opt-in versus opt-out option on the rate of reported variants of uncertain clinical significance (VOUS) and high-frequency low-penetrant (HFLP) findings in prenatal microarray testing.

Methods: A standard microarray consent form in Israel includes a requirement to note patient choice to be or not to be informed about the presence of VOUS and HFLP variants. The original form was designed as an opting-out method, in which the women had to actively mark if they did not want to be informed about questionable findings.

To Counsel or Not to Counsel: Physician Attitudes and Experiences with Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT).

Background: In the early 2010s, a phenomenon known as do-it-yourself (DIY) fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) emerged as lay individuals began self-administering FMTs at home. Although prior research indicates that many individuals who perform DIY FMT have sought advice from healthcare providers, to date there has been no investigation of physicians' experiences with DIY FMT. The objective of this qualitative study was to examine the attitudes of physicians who offer FMT regarding the practice of DIY FMT and to assess how they navigated the ethical challenges of patient requests for DIY FMT.

Exploring knowledge and implementation gaps of activity-based therapy in centers lacking specialized spinal cord injury services: understanding therapists' perspectives.

Study Design: Qualitative exploratory OBJECTIVES: Rehabilitation following spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-long process involving healthcare in a variety of settings, including facilities lacking SCI-specific services (i.e., non-SCI-specialized centers).

Ethical issues in direct-to-consumer healthcare: A scoping review.

An increasing number of health products and services are being offered on a direct-to-consumer (DTC) basis. To date, however, scholarship on DTC healthcare products and services has largely proceeded in a domain-specific fashion, with discussions of relevant ethical challenges occurring within specific medical specialties. The present study therefore aimed to provide a scoping review of ethical issues raised in the academic literature across types of DTC healthcare products and services.

Investigating adaptive sport participation for adults aged 50 years or older with spinal cord injury or disease: A descriptive cross-sectional survey.

Context: Spinal cord injury or disease (SCI/D) can lead to health challenges that are exacerbated with aging. Adaptive sport is understood to provide health benefits for the SCI/D population. Prior literature investigating adaptive sport in this population pertains to adults with SCI/D who are <50 years of age.

Spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage progressing to spinal cord compression in a patient on a direct oral anticoagulant: a case report.

Background: Spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SSH) is an infrequent yet critical condition, accounting for less than 1% of all spinal hemorrhages and presenting substantial diagnostic difficulties. It predominantly arises due to factors such as tumors, trauma, arteriovenous malformations (AVM), and certain medications including anticoagulants. The complexity of its presentation necessitates vigilance from healthcare providers to avert irreversible neurological impairments.

Alzheimer's in the modern age: Ethical challenges in the use of digital monitoring to identify cognitive changes.

Pushes toward earlier detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related cognitive changes are creating interest in leveraging technologies, like cellphones, that are already widespread and well-equipped for data collection to facilitate digital monitoring for AD. Studies are ongoing to identify and validate potential "digital biomarkers" that might indicate someone has or is at risk of developing AD dementia. Digital biomarkers for AD have potential as a tool in aiding more timely diagnosis, though more robust research is needed to support their validity and utility.

Heterogeneous deposition of regular and mentholated little cigar smoke in the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats.

Background: Quantifying the dose and distribution of tobacco smoke in the respiratory system is critical for understanding its toxicity, addiction potential, and health impacts. Epidemiologic studies indicate that the incidence of lung tumors varies across different lung regions, suggesting there may be a heterogeneous deposition of smoke particles leading to greater health risks in specific regions. Despite this, few studies have examined the lobar spatial distribution of inhaled particles from tobacco smoke.

Interacting information streams on the nephron arterial network.

Blood flow and glomerular filtration in the kidney are regulated by two mechanisms acting on the afferent arteriole of each nephron. The two mechanisms operate as limit cycle oscillators, each responding to a different signal. The myogenic mechanism is sensitive to a transmural pressure difference across the wall of the arteriole, and tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) responds to the NaCl concentration in tubular fluid flowing into the nephron's distal tubule,.

Does MDMA have treatment potential in sexual dysfunction? A systematic review of outcomes across the female and male sexual response cycles.

Introduction: Sexual health, an integral component of overall well-being, is frequently compromised by common yet underdiagnosed sexual dysfunctions. Traditional interventions encompass pharmaceutical and psychological treatments. Unconventional therapies, like MDMA, offer hope for sexual dysfunction.

Can lung airway geometry be used to predict autism? A preliminary machine learning-based study.

The goal of this study is to assess the feasibility of airway geometry as a biomarker for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Chest computed tomography images of children with a documented diagnosis of ASD as well as healthy controls were identified retrospectively. Fifty-four scans were obtained for analysis, including 31 ASD cases and 23 controls.

Characterization of Bioaerosols at the Single-Particle Level Using Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry: A Promising Tool for Defending Human Health against Bioaerosol Transmission.

Bioaerosol transmission is one of the important transmission pathways of COVID-19 and other infectious respiratory diseases caused by viral infection. The ability to detect bioaerosols and characterize encapsulated pathogens both and in real time is crucial for early warning and monitoring of the progress of an epidemic or pandemic. The lack of a powerful analytical tool for distinguishing between bioaerosols and nonbioaerosols as well as for identification of pathogen species contained in the bioaerosols is the bottleneck in related fields.

Navigating biosafety concerns within COVID-19 do-it-yourself (DIY) science: an ethnographic and interview study.

Unlabelled: Non-establishment or do-it-yourself (DIY) science involves individuals who may not have formal training conducting experiments outside of institutional settings. While prior scholarship has examined the motivations and values of those involved in the subset of DIY science known as "DIY biology," little research has addressed how these individuals navigate ethical issues in practice. The present study therefore aimed to understand how DIY biologists identify, approach, and resolve one particular ethical issue-biosafety-in their work.