The Added Value of Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography to Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Local Staging of Prostate Cancer in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy.

Background And Objective: The role of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in addition to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for local staging of prostate cancer (PC) has been poorly addressed so far. Our aim was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of PSMA PET/CT and MRI, alone and combined, for detection of extraprostatic extension (EPE) and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) in PC.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study evaluating patients undergoing PSMA PET/CT and MRI before radical prostatectomy.

Segmentation-based quantitative measurements in renal CT imaging using deep learning.

Background: Renal quantitative measurements are important descriptors for assessing kidney function. We developed a deep learning-based method for automated kidney measurements from computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods: The study datasets comprised potential kidney donors (n = 88), both contrast-enhanced (Dataset 1 CE) and noncontrast (Dataset 1 NC) CT scans, and test sets of contrast-enhanced cases (Test set 2, n = 18), cases from a photon-counting (PC)CT scanner reconstructed at 60 and 190 keV (Test set 3 PCCT, n = 15), and low-dose cases (Test set 4, n = 8), which were retrospectively analyzed to train, validate, and test two networks for kidney segmentation and subsequent measurements.

Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer (HLRCC) Syndrome.

In hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome, fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinomas typically present as aggressive, unilateral, often cystic masses with heterogeneous enhancement. These tumors can metastasize early, making appropriate imaging and staging critical for diagnosis and management. When a renal lesion suspected of RCC is identified in a patient with cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas, HLRCC should be evaluated, which is important for future genetic counseling.

Baseline neutrophil-to-eosinophil-ratio and outcome in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab or ipilimumab/nivolumab.

Background And Purpose: This study aims to evaluate neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratio (NER) as a prognostic and/or predictive biomarker in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (m-ccRCC) treated with nivolumab or ipilimumab/nivolumab.

Patients/materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective study on m-ccRCC patients treated with nivolumab or ipilimumab/nivolumab (2012-2022). Baseline NER was calculated and correlated with clinical outcomes: response rate (RR), progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

The association of quantitative PSMA PET parameters with pathologic ISUP grade: an international multicenter analysis.

Purpose: To assess if PSMA PET quantitative parameters are associated with pathologic ISUP grade group (GG) and upgrading/downgrading.

Methods: PCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy with or without pelvic lymph node dissection staged with preoperative PSMA PET at seven referral centres worldwide were evaluated. PSMA PET parameters which included SUV, PSMA, and total PSMA accumulation (PSMA) were collected.

Modified Release 3D-Printed Capsules Containing a Ketoprofen Self-Nanoemulsifying System for Personalized Medical Application.

This study explores the realm of personalized medicine by investigating the utilization of 3D-printed dosage forms, specifically focusing on patient-specific enteric capsules designed for the modified release of ketoprofen, serving as a model drug. The research investigates two distinct scenarios: the modification of drug release from 3D-printed capsules crafted from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate:polyethylene glycol (HPMCP:PEG) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), tailored for pH sensitivity and delayed release modes, respectively. Additionally, a novel ketoprofen-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) based on pomegranate seed oil (PSO) was developed, characterized, and employed as a fill material for the capsules.

The additional value of Ga-PSMA PET/CT SUVmax in predicting ISUP GG ≥ 2 and ISUP GG ≥ 3 prostate cancer in biopsy.

Background: Prebiopsy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) increases the detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Prostate-specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT) maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the prostate may offer additional value in predicting the likelihood of csPCa in biopsy.

Methods: A single-center cohort study involving patients with biopsy-proven PCa who underwent both MRI and PSMA PET/CT between 2020 and 2021.

An updated model for predicting side-specific extraprostatic extension in the era of MRI-targeted biopsy.

Purpose: Accurate prediction of extraprostatic extension (EPE) is pivotal for surgical planning. Herein, we aimed to provide an updated model for predicting EPE among patients diagnosed with MRI-targeted biopsy.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed a multi-institutional dataset of men with clinically localized prostate cancer diagnosed by MRI-targeted biopsy and subsequently underwent prostatectomy.

External validation of nomograms including MRI features for the prediction of side-specific extraprostatic extension.

Background: Prediction of side-specific extraprostatic extension (EPE) is crucial in selecting patients for nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (RP). Multiple nomograms, which include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) information, are available predict side-specific EPE. It is crucial that the accuracy of these nomograms is assessed with external validation to ensure they can be used in clinical practice to support medical decision-making.

Outcomes of a Diagnostic Pathway for Prostate Cancer Based on Biparametric MRI and MRI-Targeted Biopsy Only in a Large Teaching Hospital.

Background: Diagnostic pathways for prostate cancer (PCa) balance detection rates and burden. MRI impacts biopsy indication and strategy.

Methods: A prospectively collected cohort database (N = 496) of men referred for elevated PSA and/or abnormal DRE was analyzed.

Impact of the Standardization of Penile Cancer Care on the Quality of Care, Outcomes, and Academic-driven Centralization in a Single eUROGEN Referral Center.

Background: Penile cancer (PeCa) represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge given the low patient volume, which may result in inadequate physician expertise and poor guideline adherence. Since 2015, we have developed a specific care pathway for PeCa in our tertiary referral center.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a dedicated PeCa care pathway on patient management, the adequacy of pathological reporting, and oncological outcomes.

Accuracy of dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy for inguinal lymph node staging in cN0 penile cancer.

Background: Penile cancer is characterized by an early lymphatic dissemination. In intermediate and high-risk primary tumors without palpable inguinal lymph nodes, there is a 6-30% risk of micro-metastatic disease. Invasive lymph node staging in these patients is performed using dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy (DSNB).

Is cribriform pattern in prostate biopsy a risk factor for metastatic disease on Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT?

Introduction: Cribriform growth pattern (CP) in prostate cancer (PCa) has been associated with different unfavourable oncological outcomes. This study addresses if CP in prostate biopsies is an independent risk factor for metastatic disease on PSMA PET/CT.

Methods: Treatment-naive patients with ISUP GG ≥ 2 staged with Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT diagnosed from 2020 to 2021 were retrospectively enrolled.

Gallium-68 Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer Trial (PASPoRT).

Background: The use of clinical parameters, including prebiopsy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to decide between active surveillance (AS) and active therapy for prostate cancer (PCa) leads to imperfect selection. Additional prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging may improve risk stratification.

Objective: To study risk stratification and patient selection for AS with the addition of PSMA PET/CT to standard practice.

Unilateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection in Prostate Cancer Patients Diagnosed in the Era of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-targeted Biopsy: A Study That Challenges the Dogma.

Purpose: Bilateral extended pelvic lymph node dissection at the time of radical prostatectomy is the current standard of care if pelvic lymph node dissection is indicated; often, however, pelvic lymph node dissection is performed in pN0 disease. With the more accurate staging achieved with magnetic resonance imaging-targeted biopsies for prostate cancer diagnosis, the indication for bilateral extended pelvic lymph node dissection may be revised We aimed to assess the feasibility of unilateral extended pelvic lymph node dissection in the era of modern prostate cancer imaging.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed a multi-institutional data set of men with cN0 disease diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging-targeted biopsy who underwent prostatectomy and bilateral extended pelvic lymph node dissection.

Pseudoprogression and Mixed Responses in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated With Nivolumab: A Retrospective Analysis.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are part of the current standard of care for metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (m-ccRCC). ICI can elicit diverse tumor response, including atypical responses such as pseudoprogression (psPD), mixed responses (MR) and late responses. We aimed to analyze the occurrence and prognostic impact of atypical responses in m-ccRCC patients treated with nivolumab.

Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy or Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies have dramatically improved outcomes in patients with advanced melanoma, but approximately half these patients will not have a durable benefit. Phase 1-2 trials of adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have shown promising responses, but data from phase 3 trials are lacking to determine the role of TILs in treating advanced melanoma.

Methods: In this phase 3, multicenter, open-label trial, we randomly assigned patients with unresectable stage IIIC or IV melanoma in a 1:1 ratio to receive TIL or anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 therapy (ipilimumab at 3 mg per kilogram of body weight).

A side-specific nomogram for extraprostatic extension may reduce the positive surgical margin rate in radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: Nomograms predicting side-specific extraprostatic extension (EPE) may be applied to reduce positive surgical margin (PSM) rates in patients planned for radical prostatectomy (RP). This study evaluates the impact of implementing an externally validated nomogram for side-specific EPE on PSM rate and degree of nerve-sparing.

Methods: In patients planned for RP, the side-specific nomogram predictions (based on MRI, ISUP grade group, and PSA density), with an advised threshold of 20% for safe nerve-sparing, were presented preoperatively to the urological surgeon.

Safety, Efficacy, and Predictors for Late Reintervention After Embolization of Renal Angiomyolipomas - Embolization renal angiomyolipoma.

Purpose: To retrospectively analyze the procedural and long-term clinical outcome of the selective embolization of renal angiomyolipoma. In addition, potential predictive factors for higher risk of late re-intervention were analyzed.

Methods: Retrospective monocentric study, including 34 consecutive patients, analyzing the safety, efficiency, and long-term clinical outcome of catheter-directed embolization of renal AML.

Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Diagnosis Without Histological Proof: A Possibility in the Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Era?

Unlabelled: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has resulted in a reduction in the number of patients indicated for prostate biopsy. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has recently shown additional value in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Combining these imaging modalities allows such specific prediction of the presence of csPCa that the need for histological confirmation may be obsolete.

The key role of levator ani thickness for early urinary continence recovery in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: A multi-institutional study.

Background: Urinary continence (UC) recovery dramatically affects quality of life after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Membranous urethral length (MUL) has been the most studied anatomical variable associated with UC recovery.

Objective: To investigate whether levator ani thickness (LAT), assessed with multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), correlates with UC recovery after RARP.

Incidence and risk factor analysis of complications after sentinel node biopsy for penile cancer.

Objective: To determine the incidence and types of complications after dynamic sentinel node biopsy (DSNB) in patients with penile cancer (PeCa) and identify risk factors for the occurrence of postoperative complications.

Patients And Methods: We evaluated 644 patients with PeCa (1284 DSNB procedures) with at least one clinically node negative (cN0) groin who underwent DSNB between 2011 and 2020 at a single high-volume centre. The 30- and 30-90-day postoperative complications were collected according to the modified Clavien-Dindo classification and the standardised methodology proposed by the European Association of Urology panel.

Posttraumatic hemorrhagic bladder rupture managed with transurethral foley catheter placement and bilateral transcatheter vesical artery embolization.

Background: Outcome of minimally invasive treatment of posttraumatic, hemorrhagic bladder rupture is unknown.

Methods: A 41-year-old male presented at the emergency department with pelvic and scrotal pain and macroscopic hematuria after a motor vehicle accident. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed an open book fracture and an arterial phase contrast media extravasation posterior to the symphysis pubis and anterior to the urethra-vesical junction.