Inhibition of acute myelogenous leukemia blast proliferation by interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist and soluble IL-1 receptors.

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has recently been reported to play an important role in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) blast proliferation. We therefore investigated the effect of soluble IL-1 receptors (sIL-1R) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) on the growth of AML bone marrow blast progenitors from 25 patients. In the AML blast colony culture assay, sIL-1R and IL-1RA inhibited blast colony-forming cell replication in a dose-dependent fashion, at concentrations ranging from 10 to 500 ng/mL (sIL-1R) and 10 to 1,000 ng/mL (IL-1RA), and their inhibitory effect was partially reversed by IL-1 beta.

Interferon-stimulated genes in interferon-sensitive and -resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia patients.

alpha-Interferon induces hematological and cytogenetic remissions in some individuals with newly diagnosed Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. However, interferon-resistant disease occurs in a consistent patient subset (primary resistance) and develops during therapy in additional patients (secondary resistance). Several alpha-interferon-inducible genes have been characterized.

The floating hip. Ipsilateral pelvic and femoral fractures.

A consecutive series is reported of 17 patients who underwent early surgical treatment for acetabular or unstable pelvic fractures associated with ipsilateral fractures of the femur. Treatment included external and internal fixation, and required careful consideration of the surgical approach and the positioning of the patient. The multiple injuries sustained by these patients required simultaneous procedures by several surgical teams.

Alteration in bone marrow adherent layer growth factor expression: a novel mechanism of chronic myelogenous leukemia progression.

Philadelphia chromosome1 positive (Ph1) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by metamorphosis of the chronic phase to blastic crisis. However, cellular events associated with this transition are poorly understood. To examine the possible participation of hematopoietic growth factors in this process, we studied growth factor expression in adherent layers of bone marrows derived from CML Ph1 patients in various stages of the disease.

Suppression of chronic myelogenous leukemia colony growth by interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist and soluble IL-1 receptors: a novel application for inhibitors of IL-1 activity.

In this study, we investigated the role of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) in the malignant evolution of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and the functional activity of IL-1 inhibitors. Bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) low-density cells from 38 CML patients were studied in the colony-forming unit-granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte, megakaryocyte colony culture assay. Samples from patients with early stage, interferon-alpha (IFN)-sensitive disease formed hematopoietic colonies in the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS), erythropoietin (Epo), and one of the following: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (10 ng/mL), IL-3 (15 ng/mL), both, or phytohemagglutinin-conditioned medium.

A pneumatic leg brace for the treatment of tibial stress fractures.

Forty-two competitive athletes with posterior medial pain in the lower one-half of the tibia were evaluated by plain roentgenograms and bone scans. Twenty stress fractures were diagnosed in 17 patients by plain roentgenograms or bone scans or both. The remaining 25 patients were diagnosed as having shin splints.

LIF: not just a leukemia inhibitory factor.

Increasingly it seems that many cytokines are pleiotropic, and individual molecules may have critical roles in several different organ systems. LIF exemplifies this phenomenon: it influences embryogenesis, bone and lipid metabolism, and hematopoietic and nervous system function. Many of LIF's effects are reminiscent of those of IL-1, TNF, and TGF-beta.

Constitutive expression of leukemia inhibitory factor RNA by human bone marrow stromal cells and modulation by IL-1, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta.

Recent in vitro studies indicate that bone marrow mesenchymal elements, residing in close proximity to hematopoietic cell populations, elaborate a network of cytokines that are, at least partially, responsible for modulating the growth and maturation of the latter compartment. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a molecule with both positive and negative regulatory activities, has been implicated in murine embryogenesis and hematopoiesis. We demonstrate that cultured normal human bone marrow stromal cells constitutively express LIF message.

Constitutive and induced expression of growth factors in normal and chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia Ph1 bone marrow stroma.

Study of growth factor RNA levels in the stromal cells derived from the adherent layer of long-term bone marrow culture demonstrated constitutive expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. These cells did not express granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin (IL) 1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-3, and IL-6. However, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor expression could be induced by recombinant human IL-1 beta; while IL-6 could be induced by both IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Ender rods versus external fixation in the treatment of open tibial fractures.

This is a retrospective nonrandomized study of 66 open tibial fracture patients that compares comparable population treated at one trauma center. The fractures were treated with either Ender rods or external fixation. Of these, 29 fractures were eliminated from the study due to incomparable variables.

The role of Ender rodding in tibial fractures with an intact fibula.

Thirty-three patients with tibia fractures and intact fibula were studied to determine the efficacy of Ender rod fixation in preventing a varus deformity of the tibia. Twenty-one patients were treated nonoperatively with five (23.8%) developing a significant varus angulation (greater than five degrees).

Unrecognized injuries of the lateral ligaments associated with lateral malleolar fractures of the ankle.

Of four patients who were treated between May 1985 and November 1987 and who had both a lateral malleolar fracture and a tear of the lateral ligaments of the ipsilateral ankle, three could be followed. The fractured malleolus was treated with rigid internal fixation, but the injury to the lateral ligaments was not diagnosed until the ankle was stressed to test for stability after the internal fixation. We believe that if disruption of the lateral ligaments is noted at operation, repair is indicated.

Long-term proliferation of human leukemia cells induced by mouse stroma.

Acute lymphocytic leukemias (ALL) of infants and children were found to preferentially survive in coculture with a cloned cell line of endothelial adipose cells (14F1.1) from mouse bone marrow. One of these ALLs expressed a phenotype compatible with an early stage of differentiation (HLA-DR+, CD19+, and CD34+) and exhibited extensive growth in the presence of the mouse stromal cells during a period greater than 25 weeks following seeding.

Sporadic amplification of the HER2/neu protooncogene in adenocarcinomas of various tissues.

The HER2/neu protooncogene was found to be amplified in 6 of 109 primary adenocarcinoma tumors. No HER2/neu amplification was found in 29 other primary nonadenocarcinomatous tumors. In two colon tumors, in addition to the amplification, DNA rearrangement of HER2/neu gene was also observed.

Hypereosinophilic syndrome associated with polycythemia vera.

A 60-year-old woman presented with relapse of polycythemia vera associated with hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) with abnormal immunologic measures, including increased serum IgE and IgG levels, high levels of circulating immune complexes, rheumatoid factor, and antinuclear antibodies. Treatment with hydroxyurea was followed by a dramatic response of both the polycythemia vera and the HES, with return to normal of the abnormal immunologic measures. This case report documents that evidence of immunologic and myeloproliferative causes of HES may coexist in the same patient.