A Carbon Capture and Utilization Process for the Production of Solid Carbon Materials from Atmospheric CO - Part 1: Process Performance.

The successful operation of a process that converts atmospheric CO into solid carbon products is presented as an alternative to fossil based solid carbon production. In a first step, CO is removed from the atmosphere by a direct air capture (DAC) unit. The gas is then mixed with hydrogen and enters a methanation unit.

A Carbon Capture and Utilization Process for the Production of Solid Carbon Materials from Atmospheric CO - Part 2: Carbon Characterization.

This article is the second part of a study reporting the results of a novel carbon capture and utilization (CCU) process, which converts atmospheric CO into solid carbon materials. The CCU process combines direct air capture (DAC) with catalytic methanation, which is then followed by methane pyrolysis in a reactor filled with liquid tin. While Part 1 discussed the performance of the overall process and individual process steps regarding conversions and yields, Part 2 characterizes the solid carbon products obtained under various synthesis conditions.

Managing the deluge of newly discovered plant viruses and viroids: an optimized scientific and regulatory framework for their characterization and risk analysis.

The advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies and bioinformatic tools have provided new opportunities for virus and viroid discovery and diagnostics. Hence, new sequences of viral origin are being discovered and published at a previously unseen rate. Therefore, a collective effort was undertaken to write and propose a framework for prioritizing the biological characterization steps needed after discovering a new plant virus to evaluate its impact at different levels.

Crosstalk between arginine, glutamine, and the branched chain amino acid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment.

Arginine, glutamine, and the branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are a focus of increased interest in the field of oncology due to their importance in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), these amino acids serve to support the elevated biosynthetic and energy demands of cancer cells, while simultaneously maintaining the growth, homeostasis, and effector function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. To escape immune destruction, cancer cells utilize a variety of mechanisms to suppress the cytotoxic activity of effector T cells, facilitating T cell exhaustion.

A Novel and Highly Inclusive Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR Method for the Broad and Efficient Detection of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 1.

Grapevine ( L.) is one of the most important crops in the world due to its economic and social impact. Like many other crops, grapevine is susceptible to different types of diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: 2022.

Members of the family are non-enveloped plant viruses with mono- or bipartite linear positive-sense ssRNA genomes with a combined genome of 9 to 13.7 kb and icosahedral particles 25-30 nm in diameter. They are related to picornaviruses and are members of the order .

The emerging role of the branched chain aminotransferases, BCATc and BCATm, for anti-tumor T-cell immunity.

Challenges regarding successful immunotherapy are associated with the heterogeneity of tumors and the complex interactions within the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly those between immune and tumor cells. Of interest, T cells receive a myriad of environmental signals to elicit differentiation to effector subtypes, which is accompanied by metabolic reprogramming needed to satisfy the high energy and biosynthetic demands of their activated state. However, T cells are subjected to immunosuppressive signals and areas of oxygen and nutrient depletion in the TME, which causes T-cell exhaustion and helps tumor cells escape immune detection.

Technological Pathways to Produce Compressed and Highly Pure Hydrogen from Solar Power.

Hydrogen (H ) produced from renewables will have a growing impact on the global energy dynamics towards sustainable and carbon-neutral standards. The share of green H is still too low to meet the net-zero target, while the demand for high-quality hydrogen continues to rise. These factors amplify the need for economically viable H generation technologies.

The root transcriptome dynamics reveals new valuable insights in the salt-resilience mechanism of wild grapevine ( subsp).

Introduction: Most of elite cultivated grapevine varieties ( L.), conventionally grafted on rootstocks, are becoming more and more affected by climate changes, such as increase of salinity. Therefore, we revisited the valuable genetic resources of wild grapevines () to elaborate strategies for a sustainable viticulture.

Ectopic expression of a grapevine alkaline α-galactosidase seed imbibition protein VvSIP enhanced salinity tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants.

Alpha-galactosidase seed imbibition protein (VvSIP) isolated from Vitis vinifera is up-regulated upon salt stress and mediates osmotic stress responses in a tolerant grapevine cultivar. So far, little is known about the putative role of this stress-responsive gene. In the present study, VvSIP function was investigated in model tobacco plants via Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation.

Leveraging Social Determinants of Health to Reduce Hospital Length of Stay: A Pilot QI Project for Solid Tumor Oncology Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: The impact of the social determinants of health (SDOH) on hospitalized cancer patients and hospital length of stay is unknown. At our institution, a hospital-wide SDOH survey that examined patient-specific barriers to various domains of SDOH and facilitated hospital discharge was integrated into the electronic medical record. This study reports the effect of the SDOH survey on length of stay for oncology patients and the outpatient referrals generated to facilitate the discharge.

Malondialdehyde-Acetaldehyde Adduct Formation Decreases Immunoglobulin A Transport across Airway Epithelium in Smokers Who Abuse Alcohol.

Alcohol misuse and smoking are risk factors for pneumonia, yet the impact of combined cigarette smoke and alcohol on pneumonia remains understudied. Smokers who misuse alcohol form lung malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) protein adducts and have decreased levels of anti-MAA secretory IgA (sIgA). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) down-regulates polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) on mucosal epithelium, resulting in decreased sIgA transcytosis to the mucosa.

Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome: A Proposal for Failed Back Surgery Syndrome and ICD-11.

Objective: For many medical professionals dealing with patients with persistent pain following spine surgery, the term Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) as a diagnostic label is inadequate, misleading, and potentially troublesome. It misrepresents causation. Alternative terms have been suggested, but none has replaced FBSS.

Dual Substance Use of Electronic Cigarettes and Alcohol.

Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are a modern nicotine delivery system that rapidly grew in widespread use, particularly in younger populations. Given the long history of the comorbidity of alcohol and nicotine use, the rising prevalence of ECs raises the question as to their role in the consumption of alcohol. Of the numerous models of ECs available, JUUL is the most popular.

Proposed revision of the family Secoviridae taxonomy to create three subgenera, "Satsumavirus", "Stramovirus" and "Cholivirus", in the genus Sadwavirus.

We present a taxonomic proposal for revision of the family Secoviridae, a taxon of plant viruses in the order Picornavirales. We propose the reorganization of the genus Sadwavirus to create three new subgenera and to update the classification of five existing species. The proposed subgenera are "Satsumavirus" (one species: Satsuma dwarf virus), "Stramovirus" (two species: Strawberry mottle virus and Black raspberry necrosis virus) and "Cholivirus" (two species: Chocolate lily virus A and Dioscorea mosaic associated virus).

Six Month Abstinence Heterogeneity in the Best Quit Study.

Background: Understanding the characteristics of smokers who are successful in quitting may help to increase smoking cessation rates.

Purpose: To examine heterogeneity in cessation outcome at 6 months following smoking cessation behavioral counseling with or without weight management counseling.

Methods: 2,540 smokers were recruited from a large quitline provider and then randomized to receive proactive smoking cessation behavioral counseling without or with two versions of weight management counseling.

Grapevine virus T diversity as revealed by full-length genome sequences assembled from high-throughput sequence data.

RNASeq or double-stranded RNA based approaches allowed the reconstruction of a total of 9 full-length or near full-length genomes of the recently discovered grapevine virus T (GVT). In addition, datamining of publicly available grapevine RNASeq transcriptome data allowed the reconstruction of a further 14 GVT genomes from five grapevine sources. Together with four GVT sequences available in Genbank, these novel sequences were used to analyse GVT diversity.

Grapevine virus T is relatively widespread in Slovakia and Czech Republic and genetically diverse.

A recently described putative foveavirus, grapevine virus T (GVT), was detected in a Slovak grapevine accession (SK704) using high-throughput sequencing, prompting further studies. Full-length genome sequence of isolate GVT-SK704 was determined. Analyses revealed 86.

Surgeon-performed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Outcomes of 2392 procedures at two tertiary care centers.

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a common procedure that, in the United States, is traditionally performed by gastroenterologists. We hypothesized that when performed by well-trained surgeons, ERCP can be performed safely and effectively. The objectives of the study were to assess the rate of successful cannulation of the duct of interest and to assess the 30-day complication and mortality rates.

A Grapevine-Inducible Gene Vv-α-gal/SIP Confers Salt and Desiccation Tolerance in Escherichia coli and Tobacco at Germinative Stage.

Grapevine is an important fruit crop cultivated worldwide. Previously, we have reported the characterization of a salt stress-inducible gene Vv-α-gal/SIP isolated from the tolerant grapevine cultivar Razegui. In this study, we performed functional studies in both Escherichia coli and tobacco systems to gain more insights in the role of the Vv-α-gal/SIP gene.

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Secoviridae.

Members of the family Secoviridae are non-enveloped viruses with mono- or bipartite (RNA-1 and RNA-2) linear positive-sense ssRNA genomes with the size of the RNAs combined ranging from 9 to 13.7 kb. They are related to picornaviruses and are classified in the order Picornavirales.

A Framework for the Evaluation of Biosecurity, Commercial, Regulatory, and Scientific Impacts of Plant Viruses and Viroids Identified by NGS Technologies.

Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have generated huge new opportunities for discovering and diagnosing plant viruses and viroids. Plant virology has undoubtedly benefited from these new methodologies, but at the same time, faces now substantial bottlenecks, namely the biological characterization of the newly discovered viruses and the analysis of their impact at the biosecurity, commercial, regulatory, and scientific levels. This paper proposes a scaled and progressive scientific framework for efficient biological characterization and risk assessment when a previously known or a new plant virus is detected by next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies.