Clinical characteristics, etiologic associations, laboratory findings, treatment, and proposal of diagnostic criteria of pernio (chilblains) in a series of 104 patients at Mayo Clinic, 2000 to 2011.

Objective: To further characterize the clinical features, etiologic associations, laboratory findings, and treatment of pernio.

Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective review of patients with pernio seen at our institution between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2011.

Results: Of 104 patients with pernio (mean age at diagnosis, 38.

Vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical correlates and predictors of rheumatoid vasculitis (RV).

Methods: A retrospective cohort of patients with RV evaluated at a tertiary referral centre between 1 January 2000 and 1 January 2010 was identified. RV cases were compared in a 1:2 ratio to controls (RA without vasculitis) to identify risk factors for developing RV.

Prequit fMRI responses to pleasant cues and cigarette-related cues predict smoking cessation outcome.

Introduction: The reasons that some smokers find it harder to quit than others are unclear. Understanding how individual differences predict smoking cessation outcomes may allow the development of more successful personalized treatments for nicotine dependence. Theoretical models suggest that drug users might be characterized by increased sensitivity to drug cues and by reduced sensitivity to nondrug-related natural rewards.

Plain radiography is effective for the detection of calcinosis cutis occurring in association with autoimmune connective tissue disease.

Background: Studies on the radiological findings of calcinosis cutis in patients with autoimmune connective tissue disease (ACTD) are limited.

Objectives: To describe imaging findings and radiological patterns of calcinosis cutis occurring with ACTD.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 37 patients with imaging studies assessing for calcinosis cutis associated with ACTD at our institution between 1996 and 2009.

Individual and combined effects of multiple high-risk triggers on postcessation smoking urge and lapse.

Introduction: Negative affect, alcohol consumption, and presence of others smoking have consistently been implicated as risk factors for smoking lapse and relapse. What is not known, however, is how these factors work together to affect smoking outcomes. This paper uses ecological momentary assessment (EMA) collected during the first 7 days of a smoking cessation attempt to test the individual and combined effects of high-risk triggers on smoking urge and lapse.

Small financial incentives increase smoking cessation in homeless smokers: a pilot study.

Although over 70% of homeless individuals smoke, few studies have examined the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in this vulnerable population. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the effectiveness of shelter-based smoking cessation clinic usual care (UC) to an adjunctive contingency management (CM) treatment that offered UC plus small financial incentives for smoking abstinence. Sixty-eight homeless individuals in Dallas, Texas (recruited in 2012) were assigned to UC (n=58) or UC plus financial incentives (CM; n=10) groups and were followed for 5 consecutive weeks (1 week pre-quit through 4 weeks post-quit).

Urticarial dermatitis: clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, and etiologic associations in a series of 146 patients at Mayo Clinic (2006-2012).

Background: Few studies have examined patients initially presenting with clinical features of urticarial dermatitis (UD).

Objective: We sought to examine clinical and laboratory evaluations and final diagnoses of patients with clinical features of UD.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients with UD seen at Mayo Clinic between 2006 and 2012, and formal review of available skin biopsy specimens to identify any patients who also met microscopic criteria for UD.

The Ask-Advise-Connect approach for smokers in a safety net healthcare system: a group-randomized trial.

Background: Because smoking has a profound impact on socioeconomic disparities in illness and death, it is crucial that vulnerable populations of smokers be targeted with treatment. The U.S.

Motivation and Problem Solving (MAPS): Motivationally Based Skills Training for Treating Substance Use.

Over 10 years ago, Baer and colleagues proposed the integration of skills training and motivational strategies for the treatment of substance abuse. Since that time, several studies evaluating the efficacy of such hybrid approaches have been published, but few have been efficacious. Motivation and Problem Solving (MAPS) is a comprehensive, dynamic, and holistic intervention that incorporates empirically supported cognitive behavioral and social cognitive theory-based treatment strategies within an overarching motivational framework, and has been demonstrated to be effective in a randomized clinical trial focused on the prevention of postpartum smoking relapse.

The CHRNA3 rs578776 Variant is Associated with an Intrinsic Reward Sensitivity Deficit in Smokers.

A compromised brain reward system has been postulated as a key feature of drug dependence. We examined whether several polymorphisms of genes found to regulate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and dopamine expression were related to an intrinsic reward sensitivity (IRS) deficit we previously identified among a subgroup of smokers using event-related potentials (ERPs). We examined genetic polymorphisms within the CHRNA5-A3-B4 gene cluster (CHRNA3 rs578776, CHRNA5 rs16969968, LOC123688 rs8034191, and CHRNA3 rs1051730), the ANKK1 gene (rs1800497), and the D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2 rs1079597, DRD2 rs1799732) from 104 smokers of European ancestry in a smoking cessation trial.

Discrimination, affect, and cancer risk factors among African Americans.

Objectives: To examine whether stress or depressive symptoms mediated associations between perceived discrimination and multiple modifiable behavioral risk factors for cancer among 1363 African American adults.

Methods: Nonparametric bootstrapping procedures, adjusted for sociodemographics, were used to assess mediation.

Results: Stress and depressive symptoms each mediated associations between discrimination and current smoking, and discrimination and the total number of behavioral risk factors for cancer.

Mediators of discrimination and self-rated health among African Americans.

Objectives: To examine whether stress and depressive symptoms mediated relationships of perceived discrimination and self-rated health among African Americans.

Methods: A nonparametric bootstrapping procedure was used to assess mediation, controlling for sociodemographic variables, among 1406 cohort study adults (age=45.5±12.

Mechanisms linking socioeconomic disadvantage and BMI in smokers.

Objectives: To evaluate a conceptual model of the psychosocial pathways linking socioeconomic status and body mass index (BMI) among smokers.

Methods: A latent variable modeling approach was used to evaluate the interrelationships among socioeconomic status, perceived neighborhood disadvantage, social support, negative affect, and BMI among smokers recruited from the Houston metropolitan area (N = 424).

Results: A total of 42.

Neighborhood vigilance, health locus of control, and smoking abstinence.

Objectives: To examine whether health locus of control mediated relations of self-reported neighborhood vigilance and biochemically verified, continuous short-term smoking abstinence among 200 smokers enrolled in a cohort study.

Methods: A nonparametric bootstrapping procedure was used to assess mediation.

Results: Health locus of control-chance mediated relations between neighborhood vigilance and smoking abstinence in analyses adjusted for sociodemographics and tobacco dependence (p < .

Cognition and craving during smoking cessation: an ecological momentary assessment study.

Introduction: Some studies using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) have revealed an association between craving for cigarettes and relapse. It is therefore important to understand the correlates of craving during smoking cessation. Attentional bias to smoking cues is a potential correlate of craving, but it has not previously been assessed using EMA during smoking cessation.

Lifestyle and cancer prevention in women: knowledge, perceptions, and compliance with recommended guidelines.

Background: Most women in the United States do not meet minimum recommendations for physical activity or fruit/vegetable consumption. Thus, many are overweight/obese and are at increased risk for cancer morbidity and mortality. This study investigated women's perceptions about the importance of physical activity and a healthy diet in preventing cancer, perceptions of engaging in these behaviors, and whether or not the behaviors met cancer prevention recommendations.

Relationship of childhood trauma to depression and smoking outcomes in pregnant smokers.

Objective: We evaluated whether childhood trauma moderated the treatment effect on depression and smoking outcomes in pregnant smokers.

Method: The sample included pregnant smokers participating in a randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of a 10-session interpersonally focused therapy-cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP)-versus a time-matched health and wellness control (HW) for smoking cessation and depression reduction. Women (N = 248) who completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were included.

Density and proximity of fast food restaurants and body mass index among African Americans.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to address current gaps in the literature by examining the associations of fast food restaurant (FFR) density around the home and FFR proximity to the home, respectively, with body mass index (BMI) among a large sample of African American adults from Houston, Texas.

Methods: We used generalized linear models with generalized estimating equations to examine associations of FFR density at 0.5-, 1-, 2-, and 5-mile road network buffers around the home with BMI and associations of the closest FFR to the home with BMI.

Associations between health literacy and established predictors of smoking cessation.

Objectives: We examined associations between health literacy and predictors of smoking cessation among 402 low-socioeconomic status (SES), racially/ethnically diverse smokers.

Methods: Data were collected as part of a larger study evaluating smoking health risk messages. We conducted multiple linear regression analyses to examine relations between health literacy and predictors of smoking cessation (i.

Effects of varenicline and bupropion sustained-release use plus intensive smoking cessation counseling on prolonged abstinence from smoking and on depression, negative affect, and other symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.

Importance: Given the actions of varenicline tartrate and bupropion hydrochloride sustained-release (SR) on neurobiological targets related to affect and reward, it is thought that the modulation of nicotine withdrawal symptoms may contribute to their effectiveness.

Objective: To assess the relative efficacy of varenicline and bupropion SR plus intensive counseling on smoking cessation and emotional functioning.

Design And Setting: Placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial at a university medical center.