The status of academic interventional radiologists in Germany with focus on gender disparity: how can we do better?

Purpose: The aim was to characterize the framework conditions in academic interventional radiology (IR) in Germany with focus on differences between genders.

Materials And Methods: After IRB approval, all members of The German Society for Interventional Radiology and Minimally Invasive Therapy (n = 1,632) were invited to an online survey on work and research. Statistical comparisons were undertaken with the Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test or Pearson's Chi-squared test.

[Sustainability and climate protection : Implications on patient-centered care in radiology].

Background: Sustainability and patient-centered radiology (PCR) include a multivariant, complex network of synergic and opportunistic elements. PCR is a subfactor of the social element, climate protection is part of the ecological element, and sustainable economics are part of the financial element.

Objectives: We aimed to identify PCR-symbiotic and PCR-opposed elements of sustainability using literature research.

Work and Training Conditions of German Residents and Young Radiologists in Interventional Radiology - A Nationwide Survey.

With the increasing need for minimally invasive procedures based on lower complication rates, higher patient acceptance, and technical developments, there is a growing focus on the sound interventional training of young radiologists. This survey aimed to analyze the current situation in interventional radiology (IR) training in Germany to detect shortcomings and identify areas for improvement.From November 1-30, 2020, an online questionnaire was distributed to representative radiological associations and societies with the request to forward it to radiology residents and radiologists < 40 years.

Patient Centered Radiology - An Introduction in Form of a Narrative Review.

Background: Patient centered radiology represents a crucial aspect for modern sustainable radiology. The definition of patient-centered consists of a focus on patients' individual values and wishes with a respectful integration in medical decisions. In this narrative review we try to give a practical introduction into this complex topic with the extension to a person-centered radiology, which additionally encompasses values and wishes of radiological and other medical colleagues.

Actin fence therapy with exogenous V12Rac1 protects against acute lung injury.

High mortality in acute lung injury (ALI) results from sustained proinflammatory signaling by alveolar receptors, such as TNF-α receptor type 1 (TNFR1). Factors that determine the sustained signaling are not known. Unexpectedly, optical imaging of live alveoli revealed a major TNF-α-induced surge of alveolar TNFR1 due to a Ca2+-dependent mechanism that decreased the cortical actin fence.

Macrophage-epithelial interactions in pulmonary alveoli.

Alveolar macrophages have been investigated for years by approaches involving macrophage extraction from the lung by bronchoalveolar lavage, or by cell removal from lung tissue. Since extracted macrophages are studied outside their natural milieu, there is little understanding of the extent to which alveolar macrophages interact with the epithelium, or with one another to generate the lung's innate immune response to pathogen challenge. Here, we review new evidence of macrophage-epithelial interactions in the lung, and we address the emerging understanding that the alveolar epithelium plays an important role in orchestrating the macrophage-driven immune response.

Disruption of Circadian Rhythms and Sleep in Critical Illness and its Impact on Innate Immunity.

The earth rotates on its axis around the sun, creating a day and night cycle, that caused the development of circadian rhythms. The circadian rhythm is primarily entrained by light, which is detected by the retina. Retinal ganglion cells project to a part of the hypothalamus termed suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Sessile alveolar macrophages communicate with alveolar epithelium to modulate immunity.

The tissue-resident macrophages of barrier organs constitute the first line of defence against pathogens at the systemic interface with the ambient environment. In the lung, resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) provide a sentinel function against inhaled pathogens. Bacterial constituents ligate Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on AMs, causing AMs to secrete proinflammatory cytokines that activate alveolar epithelial receptors, leading to recruitment of neutrophils that engulf pathogens.

Acid contact in the rodent pulmonary alveolus causes proinflammatory signaling by membrane pore formation.

Although gastric acid aspiration causes rapid lung inflammation and acute lung injury, the initiating mechanisms are not known. To determine alveolar epithelial responses to acid, we viewed live alveoli of the isolated lung by fluorescence microscopy, then we microinjected the alveoli with HCl at pH of 1.5.

Mitochondrial transfer from bone-marrow-derived stromal cells to pulmonary alveoli protects against acute lung injury.

Bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) protect against acute lung injury (ALI). To determine the role of BMSC mitochondria in this protection, we airway-instilled mice first with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and then with either mouse BMSCs (mBMSCs) or human BMSCs (hBMSCs). Live optical studies revealed that the mBMSCs formed connexin 43 (Cx43)-containing gap junctional channels (GJCs) with the alveolar epithelia in these mice, releasing mitochondria-containing microvesicles that the epithelia engulfed.

[Atlantoaxial malformation as a rare cause of dysphagia and snoring].

Abnormalities of the atlantoaxial spine are very rare variants. Bony outgrowths, osteophytes, clefts and aplasia may be misinterpreted as degenerative diseases. One patient presented with intermittent dysphagia and snoring and CT and MRI scans of the cervical spine showed an accessory bone located anterior to the atlas and axis.

Percutaneous cementoplasty in the palliative, multimodal treatment of primary bone tumors of the distal aspect of the radius in four dogs.

Objective: To (1) evaluate the analgesic effect of percutaneous cementoplasty (PC) in dogs with primary bone tumor (PBT) of the distal aspect of the radius and (2) evaluate the impact on the course of disease by adding PC to a palliative, multimodal treatment protocol in these dogs.

Study Design: Prospective pilot study.

Animals: Dogs (n=4) with PBT of the distal aspect of the radius.

Detection of cement leakage after vertebroplasty with a non-flat-panel angio unit compared to multidetector computed tomography--an ex vivo study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the detection of cement leakages after vertebroplasty using angiographic computed tomography (ACT) in a non-flat-panel angio unit compared to multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Vertebroplasty was performed in 19 of 33 cadaver vertebrae (23 thoracic and 10 lumbar segments). In the angio suite, ACT (190 degrees ; 1.

Incidence of symptomatic vertebral fractures in patients after percutaneous vertebroplasty.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of secondary symptomatic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) in patients previously treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty (VTP). Three hundred sixteen patients with 486 treated VCFs were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria. Patients were kept in regular follow-up using a standardized questionairre before, 1 day, 7 days, 6 months, and 1 year after, and, further on, on a yearly basis after VTP.

Interventional management of renal bleeding after partial nephrectomy.

Objective: Partial nephrectomy (PN) has emerged as a serious alternative to nephrectomy in oncologic therapy of renal tumours. While complications are rare in general, renal hemorrhage may occur und necessitate angiographic embolization. In this retrospective study, we evaluate the clinical, imaging and procedural findings of seven interventions in five patients with renal hemorrhage after PN.

Complications in percutaneous vertebroplasty associated with puncture or cement leakage.

Due to the minimally invasive character and excellent clinical outcome of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), the procedure is being performed in greatly increasing numbers. While PVP has a low complication rate in general, severe complications can occur. We focus on the imaging appearance of complications of PVP associated with puncture or cement leakage--from harmless to life-threatening.

[Percutaneous vertebroplasty -- the role of osseous phlebography].

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of osseous phlebography preceding percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-five patients with painful osteoporotic (57) or malignant (18) vertebral fractures were treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty under fluoroscopic control. Prior to cement injection, osseous phlebography was performed, with 247 phlebographic studies included in the retrospective correlation with radiographic and CT images.