HPLC Method for Better Separation of THC Isomers to Ensure Safety and Compliance in the Hemp Market.

The 2018 Farm Bill dictates that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-THC) concentrations must not exceed 0.3% in hemp and hemp-derived products in order to be "compliant." This narrow margin of error necessitates very precise testing methods throughout every facet of the hemp industry.

Ultrasonic or Microwave Modified Continuous Flow Chemistry for the Synthesis of Tetrahydrocannabinol: Observing Effects of Various Solvents and Acids.

Synthesizing tetrahydrocannabinol is a lengthy process with minimal yields and little applicability on an industrial scale. To close the gap between bench chemistry and industry process chemistry, this paper introduces a small-scale flow chemistry method that utilizes a microwave or ultrasonic medium to produce major tetrahydrocannabinol isomers. This process produces excellent yields and minimal side products, which leads to more efficient large-scale production of the desired cannabinoids.

Psychoactive Isoxazoles, Muscimol, and Isoxazole Derivatives from the Amanita (Agaricomycetes) Species: Review of New Trends in Synthesis, Dosage, and Biological Properties.

Herbal products found in nature can serve as great systems of study for drug design. The Amanita muscaria mushroom is native to many parts of the Northern Hemisphere and has a very distinctive appearance with its red cap and white spotted warts. The mushroom comprises several pharmacologically active alkaloids, including muscazone, muscarine, ibotenic acid, and muscimol, the latter two compounds being potent GABA agonists.

Saturated Cannabinoids: Update on Synthesis Strategies and Biological Studies of These Emerging Cannabinoid Analogs.

Natural and non-natural hexahydrocannabinols (HHC) were first described in 1940 by Adam and in late 2021 arose on the drug market in the United States and in some European countries. A background on the discovery, synthesis, and pharmacology studies of hydrogenated and saturated cannabinoids is described. This is harmonized with a summary and comparison of the cannabinoid receptor affinities of various classical, hybrid, and non-classical saturated cannabinoids.

Metal- and additive-free photoinduced borylation of haloarenes.

Boronic acids and esters have critical roles in the areas of synthetic organic chemistry, molecular sensors, materials science, drug discovery, and catalysis. Many of the current applications of boronic acids and esters require materials with very low levels of transition metal contamination. Most of the current methods for the synthesis of boronic acids, however, require transition metal catalysts and ligands that must be removed via additional purification procedures.