Resolvin D1 suppresses macrophage senescence and splenic fibrosis in aged mice.

Aging is associated with systemic, non-resolving inflammation and the accumulation of senescent cells. The resolution of inflammation (or inflammation-resolution) is in part mediated by the balance between specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and pro-inflammatory leukotrienes (LTs). Aged mice (i.

Indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescence bowel perfusion assessment to prevent anastomotic leakage in minimally invasive colorectal surgery (AVOID): a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.

Background: Anastomotic leakage is a severe postoperative complication in colorectal surgery and compromised bowel perfusion is considered a major contributing factor. Conventional methods to assess bowel perfusion have a low predictive value for anastomotic leakage. We therefore aimed to evaluate the efficacy of real-time assessment with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) in the prevention of anastomotic leakage.

T1 colorectal cancer patients' perspective on information provision and therapeutic decision-making after local resection.

Background: Decision-making after local resection of T1 colorectal cancer (T1CRC) is often complex and calls for optimal information provision as well as active patient involvement.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the perceptions of patients with T1CRC on information provision and therapeutic decision-making.

Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study included patients who underwent endoscopic or local surgical resection as initial treatment.

Skin autofluorescence, a measure for accumulation of advanced glycation end products, positively associates with blood neutrophil and monocyte counts in the general population, and particularly in men with prediabetes.

Background And Aims: Previous studies have shown that skin autofluorescence (SAF), measured with an advanced glycation end product (AGE) reader, estimates the accumulation of AGEs in tissues. SAF is predictive of incident type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and CV mortality in the general population. Studies in diabetic mice have shown that activation of the receptor for AGEs in hematopoietic progenitor cells increases blood neutrophils and monocytes, impairing atherosclerosis regression.

Cholesterol trafficking to the ER leads to the activation of CaMKII/JNK/NLRP3 and promotes atherosclerosis.

The deposition of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in the arterial wall triggers macrophage inflammatory responses, which promote atherosclerosis. The NLRP3 inflammasome aggravates atherosclerosis; however, cellular mechanisms connecting macrophage cholesterol accumulation to inflammasome activation are poorly understood. We investigated the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cholesterol-loaded macrophages and in atherosclerosis-prone Ldlr mice with defects in macrophage cholesterol efflux.

Apolipoprotein(a) production and clearance are associated with plasma IL-6 and IL-18 levels, dependent on ethnicity.

Background And Aims: High plasma lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels are associated with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), in part attributed to elevated inflammation. High plasma Lp(a) levels inversely correlate with apolipoprotein (a) [(APO(a)] isoform size. APO(a) isoform size is negatively associated with APO(a) production rate (PR) and positively associated with APO(a) fractional catabolic rate (FCR).

Characterization of a novel model for atherosclerosis imaging: the apolipoprotein E-deficient rat.

Background: The apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE) mouse is a well-established model for studying atherosclerosis. However, its small size limits its use in longitudinal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies. Recently, the apoE rat has emerged as an alternative.

BRCC3-Mediated NLRP3 Deubiquitylation Promotes Inflammasome Activation and Atherosclerosis in Clonal Hematopoiesis.

Background: Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) has emerged as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, with activation of macrophage inflammasomes as a potential underlying mechanism. The NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome has a key role in promoting atherosclerosis in mouse models of CH, whereas inhibition of the inflammasome product interleukin-1β appeared to particularly benefit patients with CH in CANTOS (Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Study [Reduction in Recurrent Major CV Disease Events]). is an epigenetic modifier that decreases promoter methylation.

Outcome of Completion Surgery after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer Patients.

T1 colorectal cancers (T1CRC) are increasingly being treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). After ESD of a T1CRC, completion surgery is indicated in a subgroup of patients. Currently, the influence of ESD on surgical morbidity and mortality is unknown.

T-cell Cholesterol Accumulation, Aging, and Atherosclerosis.

Purpose Of Review: The majority of leukocytes in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques are T-cells. T-cell subsets exert pro- or anti-atherogenic effects largely via the cytokines they secrete. T cells (T) are anti-inflammatory, but may lose these properties during atherosclerosis, proposed to be downstream of cholesterol accumulation.

Evaluation of National Surgical Practice for Lateral Lymph Nodes in Rectal Cancer in an Untrained Setting.

Background: Involved lateral lymph nodes (LLNs) have been associated with increased local recurrence (LR) and ipsi-lateral LR (LLR) rates. However, consensus regarding the indication and type of surgical treatment for suspicious LLNs is lacking. This study evaluated the surgical treatment of LLNs in an untrained setting at a national level.

Cholesterol efflux pathways hinder KRAS-driven lung tumor progenitor cell expansion.

Cholesterol efflux pathways could be exploited in tumor biology to unravel cancer vulnerabilities. A mouse model of lung-tumor-bearing KRAS mutation with specific disruption of cholesterol efflux pathways in epithelial progenitor cells promoted tumor growth. Defective cholesterol efflux in epithelial progenitor cells governed their transcriptional landscape to support their expansion and create a pro-tolerogenic tumor microenvironment (TME).

Ferric carboxymaltose infusion versus oral iron supplementation for preoperative iron deficiency anaemia in patients with colorectal cancer (FIT): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled trial.

Background: A third of patients with colorectal cancer who are eligible for surgery in high-income countries have concomitant anaemia associated with adverse outcomes. We aimed to compare the efficacy of preoperative intravenous and oral iron supplementation in patients with colorectal cancer and iron deficiency anaemia.

Methods: In the FIT multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled trial, adult patients (aged 18 years or older) with M0 stage colorectal cancer scheduled for elective curative resection and iron deficiency anaemia (defined as haemoglobin level of less than 7·5 mmol/L (12 g/dL) for women and less than 8 mmol/L (13 g/dL) for men, and a transferrin saturation of less than 20%) were randomly assigned to either 1-2 g of ferric carboxymaltose intravenously or three tablets of 200 mg of oral ferrous fumarate daily.

Circadian rhythm parameters and physical activity associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in the PREVIEW lifestyle study.

Objective: The aim of this study was an assessment of post hoc associations among circadian rhythm parameters, physical activity (PA), and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with obesity and prediabetes after 3 years of weight loss maintenance.

Methods: Circadian rhythm parameters (continuous wrist-temperature measurements), PA, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, remnant cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were determined in 91 free-living participants (mean [SD], age = 56.6 [10] years; BMI = 28.

Cholesterol accumulation in macrophages drives NETosis in atherosclerotic plaques via IL-1β secretion.

Aims: Neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) increases atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and athero-thrombosis. However, mechanisms promoting NETosis during atherogenesis are poorly understood. We have shown that cholesterol accumulation due to myeloid cell deficiency of the cholesterol transporters ATP Binding Cassette A1 and G1 (ABCA1/G1) promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages and neutrophils and induces prominent NETosis in atherosclerotic plaques.

Predicting the outcome of closed-loop small bowel obstruction by preoperative characteristics.

Background: Closed-loop small bowel obstruction (CL-SBO) can threaten the viability of the intestine by obstructing a bowel segment at two adjacent points. Prompt recognition and surgery are crucial.

Aim: To analyze the outcomes of patients who underwent surgery for CL-SBO and to evaluate clinical predictors.

Pirfenidone ameliorates pulmonary arterial pressure and neointimal remodeling in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure, inflammation, and neointimal remodeling of pulmonary arterioles. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 are elevated in PAH patients and may enhance proinflammatory neointimal remodeling. NLRP3 inflammasome activation induces cleavage of the cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, required for their secretion.

T cell cholesterol efflux suppresses apoptosis and senescence and increases atherosclerosis in middle aged mice.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by hypercholesterolemia. During aging, T cells accumulate cholesterol, potentially affecting inflammation. However, the effect of cholesterol efflux pathways mediated by ATP-binding cassette A1 and G1 (ABCA1/ABCG1) on T cell-dependent age-related inflammation and atherosclerosis remains poorly understood.

Short- and Long-term Outcomes After Laparoscopic Emergency Resection of Left-Sided Obstructive Colon Cancer: A Nationwide Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Background: The role of laparoscopy for emergency resection of left-sided obstructive colon cancer remains unclear, especially regarding impact on survival.

Objective: This study aimed to determine short- and long-term outcomes after laparoscopic versus open emergency resection of left-sided obstructive colon cancer.

Design: This observational cohort study compared patients who underwent laparoscopic emergency resection to those who underwent open emergency resection between 2009 and 2016 by using 1:3 propensity-score matching.

National differences in implementation of minimally invasive surgery for colorectal cancer and the influence on short-term outcomes.

Background: The timing and degree of implementation of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for colorectal cancer vary among countries. Insights in national differences regarding implementation of new surgical techniques and the effect on postoperative outcomes are important for quality assurance, can show potential areas for country-specific improvement, and might be illustrative and supportive for similar implementation programs in other countries. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate differences in patient selection, applied techniques, and results of minimal invasive surgery for colorectal cancer between the Netherlands and Sweden.

Hepatic FoxOs link insulin signaling with plasma lipoprotein metabolism through an apolipoprotein M/sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway.

Multiple beneficial cardiovascular effects of HDL depend on sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P associates with HDL by binding to apolipoprotein M (ApoM). Insulin resistance is a major driver of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk.