Nurse Residency Programs: Key Components for Sustainability.

The purpose of this integrative literature review was to identify commonalities among nurse residency programs deployed for greater than 3 years, showing improved job retention and satisfaction. The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model guided this review. Successful, sustainable nurse residency programs have a strong foundation with committed leadership to support transition; a structured program with defined outcomes to promote clinical competence, safe patient care, and professional development; and an evaluation process to guide continual improvement and meet organizational needs.

Topical administration of tranexamic acid in primary total hip and total knee arthroplasty.

Major blood loss is a known potential complication in total hip and total knee arthroplasty. We conducted a prospective, stratified, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that evaluated 100 patients undergoing total knee or total hip arthroplasty to evaluate the effect on blood loss using the topical application of tranexamic acid. Participants received either 2 g of topical tranexamic acid or the equivalent volume of placebo into the joint prior to surgical closure.

Using facial expressions as CSs and fearsome and disgusting pictures as UCSs: affective responding and evaluative learning of fear and disgust in blood-injection-injury phobia.

Two experiments examine use of an evaluative conditioning (EC) paradigm in the acquisition of fear and disgust responding to neutral facial expressions. In Experiment 1, 60 participants were randomly assigned to one of three evaluative learning conditions in which neutral facial expressions were paired with fearsome, disgusting, or neutral pictures. No statistically significant differences were detected between the three conditions.

Fear, disgust, and information processing in specific phobia: the application of signal detection theory.

A growing body of research suggests that individuals with small animal and blood-injection-injury (BII) phobias respond to phobia-relevant stimuli with a combination of fear and disgust. Despite the recognition that disgust may serve a functional role in phobic avoidance behavior, little is known about biased information processing for disgust-related material. Two studies examined recognition memory, using signal detection analyses, for phobia-relevant and general disgust pictures.

Emotional responding to fearful and disgusting stimuli in specific phobics.

Individuals with small animal and blood-injection-injury (BII) phobias respond to phobia-relevant stimuli with both fear and disgust. However, recent studies suggest that fear is the dominant emotional response in animal phobics whereas disgust is the primary emotional response in BII phobics. The present study examined emotional responding toward pictures of spiders, surgical procedures, and two categories of general disgust elicitors (rotting food and body products) among analogue spider phobics, BII phobics, and nonphobics.

Discriminating binocular fusion from false fusion.

In a series of psychophysical experiments, observers discriminated between briefly flashed stimuli (cosine gratings, cosine plaids) that were either identical to the two eyes (dioptic) or differed between the two eyes (dichoptic). Although dioptic and dichoptic binocular stimuli were perceptually similar, they were distinguishable well above chance at exposure durations too brief for the onset of binocular rivalry. Random variations in display contrast did not alter this pattern of results.

Temporal perturbations of binocular rivalry.

Successive durations of binocular rivalry are sequentially independent, random variables. To explore the underlying control process, we perturbed the cycle during a 30-sec viewing period by immediately forcing an eye to return to dominance whenever it became suppressed. During this period of forced dominance, that eye's individual dominance durations were unusually brief, but immediately following the period of forced dominance that eye's suppression durations were unusually long.

Binocular rivalry and dichoptic masking: suppressed stimuli do not mask stimuli in a dominating eye.

Reaction time was used to gauge the sensitivity of an eye during its dominant and suppressed phases of binocular rivalry. During dominance, performance was uniformly good in detecting both stimuli that were spatially identical to the suppressed stimulus and those that were different in spatial frequency. When suppressed eyes were tested, performance was poor when the stimulus was different from the dominating stimulus, but even worse when the test stimulus and the dominating stimulus were spatially identical.

Binocular reaction times to contrast increments.

Binocular and monocular reaction times were measured in response to an abrupt increment in the standing contrast of a grating. For near threshold contrast increments the advantage of binocular over monocular viewing was substantial when the standing contrast was low, but this advantage was reduced at higher standing contrasts. With high contrast increments the advantage of binocular over monocular viewing was uninfluenced by standing contrast and exceeded the level expected from probability summation.

Comparison of four methods of cleaning hollow-fiber dialyzers for reuse.

Four methods of cleaning hollow-fiber artificial kidneys (HFAKs) for reuse were compared in a prospective study. Each cleaning method was randomly assigned and HFAKs were reused until volume loss was greater than or equal to 15 ml, unless discarded for other reasons. HFAKs cleaned with 0.

What is suppressed during binocular rivalry?

To answer the question 'what is suppressed during binocular rivalry?" a series of three experiments was performed. In the first experiment observers viewed binocular rivalry between orthogonally oriented patterns. When the dominant and suppressed patterns were interchanged between the eyes observers continued seeing with the dominant eye, indicating that an eye, not a pattern, is suppressed during rivalry.

Word recall as a function of bisensory and unisensory split-span task presentation and modality preferences.

This study investigated the effects of visual and auditory modality preferences on work recall in bisensory and unisensory split-span tasks. Subjects tended to perform better in the bisensory rather than unisensory condition. Modality preferences (n = 72 subjects) were generally unrelated to performance in these experimental conditions.

Falcon visual acuity.

Grating acuity, the ability to resolve high-contrast square-wave gratings, was measured in a falcon and in humans under comparable conditions. This behavioral test of falcon acuity supports the common belief that Falconiformès have superb vision-the faclon's threshold was 160 cycles per degree, while the human thresholds were 60 cycles per degree. Falcon acuity, however, was much more dependent on lumanance, declining sharply with decreases in luminance.