Tinnitus update: what can be done for the ringing?

Physicians will frequently encounter patients who report tinnitus. Tinnitus is a symptom whereby there is the perception of sound or sounds in the ear or head in the absence of an external source of sound. Most individuals experiencing tinnitus will have a neutral reaction to the percept, but in a small proportion of patients, tinnitus can be a debilitating symptom.

Photochemical inactivation as an alternative method to produce a whole-cell vaccine for uropathogenic (UPEC).

Unlabelled: Uropathogenic (UPEC) is the primary causative agent of lower urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI presents a serious health risk and has considerable secondary implications including economic burden, recurring episodes, and overuse of antibiotics. A safe and effective vaccine would address this widespread health problem and emerging antibiotic resistance.

A Systematic Review of the Quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia.

Background: To assess the quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument.

Methods: A systematic review of Medline, Embase, and online CPG databases was carried out. Four CPGs on CLTI were identified: Global Vascular Guidelines (GVG), European Society of Cardiology (ESC), American College of Cardiology, and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines on lower limb peripheral arterial disease.

Patient perspectives of quality of life in chronic limb-threatening ischemia: a qualitative study.

Background: Quality of life (QOL) is an outcome that matters to patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). However, we identified the lack of and need for a CLTI-specific QOL instrument. Our group is developing this instrument which requires a deep understanding of patient perspectives of QOL in CLTI.

The Immunogenicity and Properties of a Whole-Cell ETEC Vaccine Inactivated with Psoralen and UVA Light in Comparison to Formalin.

Inactivated whole-cell vaccines present a full repertoire of antigens to the immune system. Formalin treatment, a standard method for microbial inactivation, can modify or destroy protein antigenic epitopes. We tested the hypothesis that photochemical inactivation with psoralen and UVA light (PUVA), which targets nucleic acid, would improve the immunogenicity of an Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) vaccine relative to a formalin-inactivated counterpart.

The Infectious Uveitis Treatment Algorithm Network (TITAN) Report 2-global current practice patterns for the management of Cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis.

Aims: To present current practice patterns in the diagnosis and management of Cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis (CMV AU) by uveitis experts worldwide.

Methods: A two-round modified Delphi survey with masking of the study team was performed. Based on experience and expertise, 100 international uveitis specialists from 21 countries were invited to participate in the survey.

Demystifying Ocular Syphilis - A Major Review.

Syphilis, caused by the spirochaete, Treponema pallidum, continues to be a public health challenge globally with its rates steadily increasing in the past few years. The disease is transmitted through small breaks in the skin during sexual contact, or via congenital transmission in utero, either across the placenta or by contact with an active genital lesion during delivery. Estimated 5.

Case of Amaurosis Fugax in the Setting of a Persistent Primitive Hypoglossal Artery Requiring Carotid Endarterectomy with Regional Anesthesia.

BACKGROUND A persistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PPHA) is a rare congenital anomaly leading to persistent carotid-basilar anastomosis. This is a report of an 83-year-old man with a PPHA presenting with amaurosis fugax of the left eye requiring carotid endarterectomy under regional anesthesia. CASE REPORT An 83-year-old man presented with 2 weeks of intermittent self-resolving visual disturbances, followed by an episode of left eye amaurosis fugax.

The incidence, presenting clinical findings and treatment patterns of Birdshot Retinochoroiditis in a high-prevalence region: findings from Northern Ireland, England and Wales.

Background: Birdshot Retinochoroiditis (BSRC) is a rare, chronic posterior uveitis that is strongly associated with HLA-A*29.2 positivity. To date, no robust incidence studies of BSRC have been undertaken.

Choroidal Involvement in a Case of Viral Retinitis.

Purpose: To describe a challenging case of acute retinal necrosis.

Methods: Clinical data, including medical history, clinical findings and imaging features were retrospectively collected in a 28-year-old female with unilateral active retinitis.

Results: The yellowish area of retinitis surrounding a pigmented chorioretinal scar and the full thickness retinal hyper-reflectivity associated with diffuse increase in choroidal demonstrated a challenging case of necrotising retinitis, where baseline clinical and tomographic features were atypical and misleading towards a toxoplasmic aetiology.

A Review of Illness Perceptions in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia: Current Knowledge Gaps and a Framework for Future Studies.

Background: The aim of this study is to review illness perceptions (IPs) in chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) patients undergoing revascularization (open surgical or endovascular), major lower extremity amputation, or conservative management.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, WOS, and Scopus databases were searched from inception to August 20, 2021 for studies evaluating IP in CLTI according to Leventhal's common sense model (CSM). Since only 1 study was identified, a post hoc secondary literature search of MEDLINE was performed for reviews of IP in cardiovascular disease and diabetes to identify potential learning points for future research.

Quality of Life in Chronic Limb Threatening Ischaemia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To assess the comparative effectiveness and temporal changes in quality of life (QoL) outcomes after revascularisation, major lower extremity amputation (MLEA), and conservative management (CM) in chronic limb threatening ischaemia (CLTI).

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science.

Review Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed on QoL measured by any QoL instrument in adult patients with CLTI after open surgery (OS), endovascular intervention (EVI), MLEA, or CM.

Measuring Quality of Life in Chronic Limb-threatening Ischemia Patients and Informal Carers: A Scoping Review.

Objective: To review quality of life (QOL) instruments for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) patients and informal carers, and their use in QOL and cost-utility analysis (CUA) studies.

Background: CLTI is a global health problem with significant morbidity affecting patients and informal carers. QOL is increasingly measured for holistic outcomes assessment and CUA.

A Systematic Review of Cost-Utility Analyses in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia.

Background: To review and describe the available literature on cost-utility analysis of revascularization and non-revascularization treatment approaches in chronic limb-threatening ischemia.

Methods: A systematic review was performed on cost-utility analysis studies evaluating revascularization (open surgery or endovascular), major lower extremity amputation, or conservative management in adult chronic limb-threatening ischemia patients. Six bibliographic databases and online registries were searched for English language articles up to August 2021.

The role of maternal age & birth order on the development of unilateral and bilateral retinoblastoma: a multicentre study.

Background/objectives: Retinoblastoma is a common childhood intraocular malignancy, the bilateral form of which most commonly results from a de novo germline pathogenic variant in the RB1 gene. Both advanced maternal age and decreasing birth order are known to increase the risk of de novo germline pathogenic variants, while the influence of national wealth is understudied. This cohort study aimed to retrospectively observe whether these factors influence the ratio of bilateral retinoblastoma cases compared to unilateral retinoblastoma, thereby inferring an influence on the development of de novo germline pathogenic variants in RB1.