Anticholinergic burden and frailty in older inpatients: insights from analysis of admission and discharge medicines using four anticholinergic scales.

Background: Exposure to high anticholinergic burden is associated with adverse outcomes in older adults. Older adults with frailty have greater vulnerability to adverse anticholinergic effects. There is limited data on anticholinergic burden in hospitalised older adults with frailty particularly, in New Zealand.

Determining associations between Big Five personality traits and executive function in an undergraduate student sample.

Objective: The present study sought to determine the associations between executive functioning and Big Five personality traits in an undergraduate sample.

Method: Participants included 200 undergraduates (73% women), with a mean age of approximately 21 years. Participants completed the Big Five Inventory-44 and a psychological assessment battery, which included the Trail Making Test and the Semantic Fluency Test.

Are recommended tackle techniques associated with superior performance outcomes? A retrospective video analysis study of elite women's rugby union.

This cross-sectional study aims to identify the situational characteristics, ball-carrier technical variables, and recommended techniques associated with performance outcomes in elite women's Rugby Union. Using retrospective video analysis, 43 tackler and ball-carrier technical characteristics for 1500 tackle events in the 2022-23 Women's Six Nations Championship were assessed, considering match situation and performance outcomes. Rate ratio (RR) was determined using propensity rates.

Association of daily physical activity and bone microarchitecture in young adults with type 1 diabetes - A pilot exploratory study.

Purpose: Physical activity (PA) is an important determinant of skeletal health. In young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) fracture risk is increased, yet few studies have examined the PA and bone health relationship. Therefore, this pilot cross-sectional study characterized PA levels and their association with bone parameters measured by high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in young adults with T1D.

The Contribution of Whole-Food and Supplemental Derived Dietary Protein, From Animal and Nonanimal Origins, to Daily Protein Intake in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

We characterized daily dietary protein intakes, focusing on protein source (animal and nonanimal) and form (whole-foods and supplemental) in young (18-40 years) resistance trained (training ≥ 3×/week for ≥ 6 months; TRA; male, n = 30; female, n = 14) and recreationally active (no structured training; REC; male, n = 30; female, n = 30) individuals. Using 3-day weighed food diaries from 10 previous studies, we assessed macronutrient intakes using dietary analysis software. Energy intakes trended greater in TRA compared with REC (p = .

Why 'open' AI systems are actually closed, and why this matters.

This paper examines 'open' artificial intelligence (AI). Claims about 'open' AI often lack precision, frequently eliding scrutiny of substantial industry concentration in large-scale AI development and deployment, and often incorrectly applying understandings of 'open' imported from free and open-source software to AI systems. At present, powerful actors are seeking to shape policy using claims that 'open' AI is either beneficial to innovation and democracy, on the one hand, or detrimental to safety, on the other.

High-protein vegan and omnivorous diets improve peripheral insulin sensitivity to a similar extent in people with type 2 diabetes.

Background: High-protein diets have been recognized as a potential strategy in the nutritional management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Mycoprotein is a high-fibre, high-protein food ingredient previously shown to improve acute glycaemic control. We determined whether incorporating mycoprotein into a high-protein vegan diet would improve glycaemic control to a greater extent than an isonitrogenous omnivorous diet in people with T2D.

Oncology Camp Participation and Psychosocial Health in Children Who Have Lived with Cancer-A Pilot Study.

Children with lived cancer experience encounter adversity, therefore experiences promoting psychosocial health are necessary. This pilot study determined the impact of recreational oncology camps (ROC) on resilience, hope, social support, and mental well-being in youth who have lived with cancer. Youth (6-18 years) with cancer experience enrolled in an 11-day session of ROC (Muskoka, Ontario, Canada) were invited to participate.

Should the beach chair position have national guidelines to reduce the risk of cerebrovascular complications? Results from a National Survey of Surgeons and Anaesthetists.

Background: The beach chair position is frequently used in UK shoulder surgeries, but cerebrovascular complications, while rare, can have severe consequences. No consensus exists on best practices due to limited evidence.

Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sampling method among the British Elbow and Shoulder Society and Regional Anaesthesia UK members to gauge the need for guidelines.

The 2022 Minnesota Statewide Food Shelf Survey: Reported Availability of Healthy Foods and Importance of Culturally-specific Foods by Participant Demographic Characteristics.

Objective: To determine whether shopper-reported availability of foods from Minnesota food shelves and the importance of cultural foods/cooking items differed by demographic characteristics.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey of food pantry shoppers (n = 4,680) who visited more than or equal monthly with choice over food selection.

Results: Hispanic and Black shoppers had higher odds of reporting produce, eggs, and cooking items were always available than White shoppers (odds ratio [OR] > 1.

The revised remote area nurse model of consultation.

Aim: The aim of this revision was to update the Remote Area Nurse (RAN) Model of Consultation (MoC) and was prompted by publication of the National Rural and Remote Nursing Generalist Framework (2013-2018), shifts in RAN workforce patterns, community health patterns and technology use.

Context: Rural and remote residents face higher rates of hospitalisations, deaths and poorer access to health care with a significant burden of avoidable fatal conditions among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Health care is mostly provided by RANs and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Practitioners (ATSIHPs), addressing diverse health needs, a mobile population and navigating cross-cultural situations.

DNA-directed termination of mammalian RNA polymerase II.

The best-studied mechanism of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcriptional termination involves polyadenylation site-directed cleavage of the nascent RNA. The RNAPII-associated cleavage product is then degraded by XRN2, dislodging RNAPII from the DNA template. In contrast, prokaryotic RNAP and eukaryotic RNAPIII often terminate directly at T-tracts in the coding DNA strand.

Twenty year analysis of professional men's rugby union knee injuries from the English premiership shows high rates and burden.

Objectives: To determine the rates, severity and burden of knee injuries in professional male rugby union from the English Premiership.

Methods: Injury and exposure data were captured over 20 seasons using a prospective cohort design. Knee injury incidence, days' absence and burden were recorded for each injury type and by pitch surface type for match and training.

Prospective randomized evaluation of the sustained impact of assistive artificial intelligence on anesthetists' ultrasound scanning for regional anesthesia.

Objectives: Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA) relies on acquiring and interpreting an appropriate view of sonoanatomy. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to aid this by applying a color overlay to key sonoanatomical structures.The primary aim was to determine whether an AI-generated color overlay was associated with a difference in participants' ability to identify an appropriate block view over a 2-month period after a standardized teaching session (as judged by a blinded assessor).

Reduced Non-Specific Binding of Super-Resolution DNA-PAINT Markers by Shielded DNA-PAINT Labeling Protocols.

The DNA-based single molecule super-resolution imaging approach, DNA-PAINT, can achieve nanometer resolution of single targets. However, the approach can suffer from significant non-specific background signals originating from non-specifically bound DNA-conjugated DNA-PAINT secondary antibodies as shown here. Using dye-modified oligonucleotides the location of DNA-PAINT secondary antibody probes can easily be observed with widefield imaging prior to beginning a super-resolution measurement.

Association Between High Sensitivity Troponin I and NTproBNP With Rejection and Graft Loss in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients.

Background: Troponin I is a blood biomarker of cardiac injury and levels measured using a high-sensitivity assay after pediatric heart transplantation (HT) have not been described. We sought to assess the association between high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) with treated acute rejection (AR) and graft loss in pediatric heart transplant (HT) recipients.

Methods: Serum was collected and banked from pediatric HT recipients prior to cardiac catheterization.

Female preference counteracts negative frequency dependent selection for a stable polymorphism in a livebearing fish.

The maintenance of variation within natural populations is key for natural selection to operate. Polymorphism is an intriguing form of variation that involves the persistence of multiple discrete phenotypes called morphs. Polymorphism is often explained by negative frequency dependent selection (NFDS), under which rare morphs have an advantage, such that no one morph takes over.

Training-Load Management Ambiguities and Weak Logic: Creating Potential Consequences in Sport Training and Performance.

Background: The optimization of athlete training load is not a new concept; however in recent years, the concept of "load management" is one of the most widely studied and divisive topics in sports science and medicine.

Purpose: Discuss the challenges faced by sports when utilizing training load monitoring and management, with a specific focus on the use of data to inform load management guidelines and policies/mandates, their consequences, and how we move this field forward.

Challenges: While guidelines can theoretically help protect athletes, overzealous and overcautious guidelines may restrict an athlete's preparedness, negatively influence performance, and increase injury risk.

Altruism and natural selection in a variable environment.

Hamilton's rule provides the cornerstone for our understanding of the evolution of all forms of social behavior, from altruism to spite, across all organisms, from viruses to humans. In contrast to the standard prediction from Hamilton's rule, recent studies have suggested that altruistic helping can be favored even if it does not benefit relatives, as long as it decreases the environmentally induced variance of their reproductive success ("altruistic bet-hedging"). However, previous predictions both rely on an approximation and focus on variance-reducing helping behaviors.