Recalcitrant Dermatomyositis Treated With Anifrolumab.

Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy which can present with distinctive skin features. Despite the many treatment modalities for the treatment of dermatomyositis some patients remain refractory to treatment. We present a case of a 38-year-old man with recalcitrant dermatomyositis who was successfully treated with the interferon α receptor 1-inhibiting monoclonal antibody anifrolumab.

Optimum diagnostic pathway and pathologic confirmation rate of early stage lung cancer: Results from the VIOLET randomised controlled trial.

Background: Pathologic confirmation of lung cancer influences treatment selection for suspected early-stage lung cancer. High pre-treatment tissue confirmation rates are recommended. We sought to define management and outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for primary lung cancer in a UK multi-centre clinical trial.

Unsupervised self-organising map classification of Raman spectra from prostate cell lines uncovers substratified prostate cancer disease states.

Prostate cancer is a disease which poses an interesting clinical question: Should it be treated? Only a small subset of prostate cancers are aggressive and require removal and treatment to prevent metastatic spread. However, conventional diagnostics remain challenged to risk-stratify such patients; hence, new methods of approach to biomolecularly sub-classify the disease are needed. Here we use an unsupervised self-organising map approach to analyse live-cell Raman spectroscopy data obtained from prostate cell-lines; our aim is to exemplify this method to sub-stratify, at the single-cell-level, the cancer disease state using high-dimensional datasets with minimal preprocessing.

Impacts of Air Velocity Treatments Under Summer Conditions: Part III-Litter Characteristics, Ammonia Emissions, and Leg Health of Heavy Broilers.

The broiler industry is crucial for rural economies, but it faces challenges in enhancing animal performance and well-being, particularly due to heat stress and ammonia (NH) in grow-out houses. This study investigates the effectiveness of air velocity (AV) treatment in reducing heat stress and NH emissions while also improving litter conditions to enhance animal welfare. Conducted at the North Carolina State University's poultry engineering laboratory, the research used six identical controlled chambers, exposing broilers to High and Low AV treatments from 28 to 61 days across four flocks during the summers of 2017 and 2018.

Trends in Kidney Function and Chronic Kidney Disease after Surgery for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection.

Background: We sought to assess the effect of postoperative renal failure (RF) on outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) and identify predictors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) following ATAAD.

Methods: This retrospective single-center analysis included all adults with ATAAD from 2011 to 2023. Patients were stratified into RF and no RF groups.

Postexercise Dietary Leucine Retention for Whole-Body Anabolism Is Greater With Whey Protein Isolate and Fish-Derived Protein Hydrolysate Than Nonessential Amino Acids in Trained Young Men.

Marine-derived proteins, such as blue whiting-derived protein hydrolysates (BWPH), represent high-quality sources of dietary protein, but their ability to support postexercise anabolism is not established. The impact of BWPH on whole-body anabolism was compared with an isonitrogenous whey protein isolate (WPI) and nonessential amino acid (NEAA) control in 10 trained young males (31 ± 4 years) who, on three separate visits, performed a session of whole-body resistance exercise and then consumed, in randomized crossover fashion, BWPH, WPI, or NEAA (0.33 g/kg; 19, 33, and 0 mg/kg leucine, respectively) with L-[1-13C]leucine.

Addressing rural health disparities by optimizing "high-touch" intervention components in digital obesity treatment: The iREACH Rural study.

Background: Rural residents are more impacted by obesity and related comorbidities than their urban counterparts. Digital weight management interventions may produce meaningful weight loss among rural residents.

Objectives: The iREACH Rural Study aims to identify "high-touch" component(s) that contribute to meaningful weight loss (≥1.

Competition between cross-linking and force-induced local conformational changes determines the structure and mechanics of labile protein networks.

Folded protein hydrogels are emerging as promising new materials for medicine and healthcare applications. Folded globular proteins can be modelled as colloids which exhibit site specific cross-linking for controlled network formation. However, folded proteins have inherent mechanical stability and unfolded in response to an applied force.

Konaway Nika Tillicum Native Youth Academy: Enacting a medicine wheel educational framework.

Objectives: Native American youth need educational experiences that promote positive, healthy development, which requires decolonizing current educational experiences. Konaway Nika Tillicum Native Youth Academy (KNT) offers a holistic approach to education, incorporating Tribal cultures and values along with valuing higher education. Across two complementary studies, we seek to understand how the Medicine Wheel framework supports the design of educational experiences and the effectiveness of this design on positive development factors, including cultural identity development, self-esteem, and academic optimism.

'I Don't Know How to Live Real Life Sober'-Identifying Needed Supports Through the Voices of Pregnant and Parenting People Seeking Recovery.

Pregnant and parenting people (PPP) experience complex challenges when seeking recovery from substance use disorders (SUD). Using a community-based participatory research approach, researchers partnered with PPP seeking recovery from SUD to explore supports needed in their communities. Findings are reported in adherence with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research.

Design Justice, a Counternarrative to Dominant Approaches in Medical Education.

Phenomenon: Marginalized individuals in medicine face many structural inequities which can have enduring consequences on their progress. Therefore, inequity must be addressed by dismantling underlying unjust policies, environments, and curricula. However, once these injustices have been taken apart, how do we build more just systems from the rubble? Many current strategies to address this question have foundational values of urgency, solutionism, and top-down leadership.

Clarifying and expanding equity in assessment by considering three orientations: Fairness, inclusion and justice.

Context: Despite increasing discussion and scholarship, equity in assessment is rarely defined and distinguished in a way that allows for shared understanding in medical education. This paper seeks to clarify and expand the conversation about equity in assessment by critically reviewing three distinct and evolving orientations toward equity in assessment. Orientations refers to the positions, attitudes, interests or priorities individuals can hold toward equity in assessment.

Differential COVID-19 case ascertainment by age and vaccination status in Victoria, Australia: a serosurveillance and record linkage study.

Objectives: To compare serological evidence of prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with linked coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case notification data in Victoria, Australia, and to determine SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation activity based on prior infection and vaccination history.

Design, Setting, Participants: Four cross-sectional serological surveys were conducted between 30 June and 31 October 2022 (a period of Omicron BA.4/BA.

Elevations in plasma glucagon are associated with reduced insulin clearance after ingestion of a mixed-macronutrient meal in people with and without type 2 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: The temporal suppression of insulin clearance after glucose ingestion is a key determinant of glucose tolerance for people without type 2 diabetes. Whether similar adaptations are observed after the ingestion of a mixed-macronutrient meal is unclear.

Methods: In a secondary analysis of data derived from two randomised, controlled trials, we studied the temporal responses of insulin clearance after the ingestion of a standardised breakfast meal consisting of cereal and milk in lean normoglycaemic individuals (n=12; Lean-NGT), normoglycaemic individuals with central obesity (n=11; Obese-NGT) and in people with type 2 diabetes (n=19).

Determining mesoscale chromatin structure parameters from spatially correlated cleavage data using a coarse-grained oligonucleosome model.

The three-dimensional structure of chromatin has emerged as an important feature of eukaryotic gene regulation. Recent technological advances in DNA sequencing-based assays have revealed locus- and chromatin state-specific structural patterns at the length scale of a few nucleosomes (~1 kb). However, interpreting these data sets remains challenging.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Small Aortic Annuli: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of Gender-Based Outcomes.

Patients with small aortic annuli (SAAs) are predominantly women. We sought to compare gender-based and propensity-matched outcomes of index transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with SAAs. In this retrospective institutional analysis (2012 to 2023), primary stratification was by gender.