[Comprehensive nutrition therapy in hospitals - Wishful thinking or reality? A survey-based cross-sectional study of the nutritional therapy in hospitals of Baden-Württemberg].

Introduction: Malnutrition is widespread in German hospitals, has a negative impact on therapeutic success and quality of life, and it leads to increasing costs. An individualized nutritional support by nutritional professionals in accordance with current guidelines was shown to reduce mortality of malnourished inpatients. Ideally, nutritional support is conducted by an interdisciplinary nutrition support team.

Ultrahigh-Flux X-ray Detection by a Solution-Grown Perovskite CsPbBr Single-Crystal Semiconductor Detector.

Solution-processed perovskites are promising for hard X-ray and gamma-ray detection, but there are limited reports on their performance under extremely intense X-rays. Here, a solution-grown all-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr single-crystal semiconductor detector capable of operating at ultrahigh X-ray flux of 10 photons s mm is reported. High-quality solution-grown CsPbBr single crystals are fabricated into detectors with a Schottky diode structure of eutectic gallium indium/CsPbBr /Au.

Computational analysis of human upper airway aerodynamics.

There is a considerable interest in understanding transient human upper airway aerodynamics, especially in view of assessing the effects of various ventilation therapies. Experimental analyses in a patient-specific manner pose challenges as the upper airway consists of a narrow confined region with complex anatomy. Pressure measurements are feasible, but, for example, PIV experiments require special measures to accommodate for the light refraction by the model.

Uterine contractile activity in healthy women throughout the menstrual cycle measured using a novel quantitative two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound speckle tracking method.

Research Question: To explore normal uterine contractile function across the menstrual cycle using a novel quantitative ultrasound method.

Design: This multicentre prospective observational study took place in three European centres from 2014 to 2022. Uterine contraction frequency (contractions/minute), amplitude, direction (cervix-to-fundus, C2F; fundus-to-cervix; F2C), velocity and coordination were investigated.

Endovascular navigation with Fiber Optic RealShape technology.

Objective: Fiber Optic RealShape (FORS) technology has recently been introduced as an adjunctive guidance technology that allows real-time three-dimensional visualization of dedicated endovascular devices while avoiding radiation exposure. It consists of equipment which sends pulses of light through hair-thin optical fibers that run within a dedicated hydrophilic wire and selective catheters. The purpose of the study was to report the observed benefits and limitations related to the first edition of FORS technology.

Fiber Optic RealShape (FORS) Technology for Endovascular Navigation in Severe Tortuous Vessels.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the use of a wire and catheters embedded with optical fiber (Fiber Optic RealShape [FORS]) to catheterize tortuous target vessels avoiding radiation.

Technique: A virtual biplane vies was simulated coupling traditional x-ray system, preoperative CT scan, and FORS system to treat an isolated hypogastric aneurysm. Despite the complex anatomy, catheterization of all target vessels was possible in 12 minutes with 19 seconds of fluoroscopy time (Radiation Exposure 3.

Excitons in CsPbBr Halide Perovskite.

Excitons in Bridgman grown halide perovskite CsPbBr single crystals were examined using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy to determine the nature of the electronic states. The photoluminescence intensity was strongly temperature-dependent and depended upon the specific exciton band. At low temperatures intrinsic disorder and its related shallow below bandgap tail states determine the emission properties.

Balances Xylem Cell Expansion and Secondary Cell Wall Formation in Hybrid Aspen.

Secondary growth relies on precise and specialized transcriptional networks that determine cell division, differentiation, and maturation of xylem cells. We identified a novel role for the ethylene-induced () in balancing xylem cell expansion and secondary cell wall (SCW) formation in hybrid aspen (). Expression of is high in phloem and cambium cells and during the expansion of xylem cells, while it is low in maturing xylem tissue.

Demonstration of Energy-Resolved γ-Ray Detection at Room Temperature by the CsPbCl Perovskite Semiconductor.

The detection of γ-rays at room temperature with high-energy resolution using semiconductors is one of the most challenging applications. The presence of even the smallest amount of defects is sufficient to kill the signal generated from γ-rays which makes the availability of semiconductors detectors a rarity. Lead halide perovskite semiconductors exhibit unusually high defect tolerance leading to outstanding and unique optoelectronic properties and are poised to strongly impact applications in photoelectric conversion/detection.

Publisher Correction: Direct thermal neutron detection by the 2D semiconductor LiInPSe.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Direct thermal neutron detection by the 2D semiconductor LiInPSe.

Highly efficient neutron detectors are critical in many sectors, including national security, medicine, crystallography and astronomy. The main neutron detection technologies currently used involve He-gas-filled proportional counters and light scintillators for thermalized neutrons. Semiconductors could provide the next generation of neutron detectors because their advantages could make them competitive with or superior to existing detectors.

Ethylene Signaling Is Required for Fully Functional Tension Wood in Hybrid Aspen.

Tension wood (TW) in hybrid aspen trees forms on the upper side of displaced stems to generate a strain that leads to uplifting of the stem. TW is characterized by increased cambial growth, reduced vessel frequency and diameter, and the presence of gelatinous, cellulose-rich (G-)fibers with its microfibrils oriented parallel to the fiber cell axis. Knowledge remains limited about the molecular regulators required for the development of this special xylem tissue with its characteristic morphological, anatomical, and chemical features.

Leaf metabolic signatures induced by real and simulated herbivory in black mustard (Brassica nigra).

Introduction: The oxylipin methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a plant hormone active in response signalling and defence against herbivores. Although MeJA is applied experimentally to mimic herbivory and induce plant defences, its downstream effects on the plant metabolome are largely uncharacterized, especially in the context of primary growth and tissue-specificity of the response.

Objectives: We investigated the effects of MeJA-simulated and real caterpillar herbivory on the foliar metabolome of the wild plant Brassica nigra and monitored the herbivore-induced responses in relation to leaf ontogeny.

An AP2/ERF transcription factor ERF139 coordinates xylem cell expansion and secondary cell wall deposition.

Differentiation of xylem elements involves cell expansion, secondary cell wall (SCW) deposition and programmed cell death. Transitions between these phases require strict spatiotemporal control. The function of Populus ERF139 (Potri.

Adipose Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity in Obesity is Impaired Independently of Glycemic Status of Tissue Donors.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate how obesity and glycemic state affect mitochondrial respiration and ATP-generating pathways in mature human adipocytes.

Methods: Subcutaneous (sc) and visceral (vc) adipocytes were isolated from patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Respiratory chain function was analyzed by high-resolution respirometry.

High spectral resolution of gamma-rays at room temperature by perovskite CsPbBr single crystals.

Gamma-ray detection and spectroscopy is the quantitative determination of their energy spectra, and is of critical value and critically important in diverse technological and scientific fields. Here we report an improved melt growth method for cesium lead bromide and a special detector design with asymmetrical metal electrode configuration that leads to a high performance at room temperature. As-grown centimeter-sized crystals possess extremely low impurity levels (below 10 p.

Ethylene-Related Gene Expression Networks in Wood Formation.

Thickening of tree stems is the result of secondary growth, accomplished by the meristematic activity of the vascular cambium. Secondary growth of the stem entails developmental cascades resulting in the formation of secondary phloem outwards and secondary xylem (i.e.

CuISe: A Metal-Inorganic Framework Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor for Photon Detection at Room Temperature.

CuISe is a new wide-bandgap semiconductor with high stability and great potential toward hard radiation and photon detection. CuISe crystallizes in the rhombohedral R3̅m space group with a density of d = 5.287 g·cm and a wide bandgap E of 1.

Cascaded spintronic logic with low-dimensional carbon.

Remarkable breakthroughs have established the functionality of graphene and carbon nanotube transistors as replacements to silicon in conventional computing structures, and numerous spintronic logic gates have been presented. However, an efficient cascaded logic structure that exploits electron spin has not yet been demonstrated. In this work, we introduce and analyse a cascaded spintronic computing system composed solely of low-dimensional carbon materials.

Defect Antiperovskite Compounds HgQI (Q = S, Se, and Te) for Room-Temperature Hard Radiation Detection.

The high Z chalcohalides HgQI (Q = S, Se, and Te) can be regarded as of antiperovskite structure with ordered vacancies and are demonstrated to be very promising candidates for X- and γ-ray semiconductor detectors. Depending on Q, the ordering of the Hg vacancies in these defect antiperovskites varies and yields a rich family of distinct crystal structures ranging from zero-dimensional to three-dimensional, with a dramatic effect on the properties of each compound. All three HgQI compounds show very suitable optical, electrical, and good mechanical properties required for radiation detection at room temperature.

Charge Transport and Observation of Persistent Photoconductivity in TlSeI Single Crystals.

The chalcohalide compound TlSeI is a promising wide-bandgap semiconductor for efficient hard radiation detection at room temperature due to its high density, average atomic number and mobility-lifetime product. However, the nature of its charge transport kinetics, especially the role of defects in recombination, has not been examined in detail. To determine the charge transport kinetics in TlSeI single crystals, electrical conductivity and photoinduced current transient spectroscopy were measured over the temperature range 105-330 K.

Enhancement of the pockels effect in photonic crystal modulators through slow light.

We report a photonic crystal (PhC) optical modulator operating in the optical C band (1530-1565 nm) using barium titanate epitaxial thin films as the electro-optic (EO) medium. The PhC has hexagonal lattice symmetry and an extinction ratio of 9 dB. Due to the slow light enhancement of the EO coefficient near the PhC band edge, the driving electrode can be as short as a one millimeter.

Development of a Monte Carlo model for treatment planning dose verification of the Leksell Gamma Knife Perfexion radiosurgery system.

Detailed Monte Carlo (MC) modeling of the Leksell Gamma Knife (GK) Perfexion (PFX) collimator system is the only accurate ab initio approach appearing in the literature. As a different approach, in this work, we present a MC model based on film measurement. By adjusting the model parameters and fine-tuning the derived fluence map for each individual source to match the manufacturer's ring output factors, we created a reasonable virtual source model for MC simulations to verify treatment planning dose for the GK PFX radiosurgery system.

Development and Validation of a Small Animal Immobilizer and Positioning System for the Study of Delivery of Intracranial and Extracranial Radiotherapy Using the Gamma Knife System.

The purpose of this research is to establish a process of irradiating mice using the Gamma Knife as a versatile system for small animal irradiation and to validate accurate intracranial and extracranial dose delivery using this system. A stereotactic immobilization device was developed for small animals for the Gamma Knife head frame allowing for isocentric dose delivery. Intercranial positional reproducibility of a reference point from a primary reference animal was verified on an additional mouse.

Implementing solutions to improve and expand telehealth adoption: participatory action research in four community healthcare settings.

Background: Adoption of telehealth has been slower than anticipated, and little is known about the service improvements that help to embed telehealth into routine practice or the role of frontline staff in improving adoption. This paper reports on participatory action research carried out in four community health settings using telehealth for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Heart Failure.

Methods: To inform the action research, in-depth case studies of each telehealth service were conducted (May 2012-June 2013).