Cell cycle arrest biomarkers for the early detection of acute allograft dysfunction and acute rejection in living donor kidney transplantation: a cross-sectional study from Egypt.

Background: Urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) are G1 cell arrest biomarkers that have demonstrated accuracy and validity in predicting and diagnosing acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aimed to evaluate the validity of [TIMP-2]×[IGFBP7] in diagnosing acute allograft dysfunction and its utility in distinguishing acute rejection (AR) from nonrejection causes in kidney transplantation.

Methods: This study included 48 adult living donor kidney transplant recipients (KTRs; 18 with AR, 15 with nonrejection causes of AKI, and 15 with stable grafts).