Bronchiolitis after Combination Immunotherapy With Ipilimumab and Nivolumab in a Melanoma Patient.

Therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly improved the prognosis of metastatic melanoma but is also associated with various immune-related adverse events (AE), including pulmonary toxicity. Herein, we describe the case of a 60-year-old female with metastasized melanoma with BRAF mutation under combination immunotherapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab, who presented with a persistent, nonproductive cough for the last two months. Her CT-scan showed de novo bronchial inflammation and wall thickening in all lung fields.

Accuracy of prediction scores and novel biomarkers for predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children.

Background: Accurate prediction scores for liver steatosis are demanded to enable clinicians to noninvasively screen for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several prediction scores have been developed, however external validation is lacking.

Objective: The aim was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of four existing prediction scores in severely obese children, to develop a new prediction score using novel biomarkers and to compare these results to the performance of ultrasonography.

US cannot be used to predict the presence or severity of hepatic steatosis in severely obese adolescents.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography (US) for the assessment of hepatic steatosis in severely obese adolescents, with proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy as the reference standard, and to provide insight on the influence of prevalence on predictive values by calculating positive and negative posttest probabilities.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study was institutional review board approved. All participants, and/or their legal representatives, gave written informed consent.

Hepatic lipid composition analysis using 3.0-T MR spectroscopy in a steatotic rat model.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of in vivo assessment of hepatic lipid composition using 3.0-T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) in a steatotic rat model and compare it to histopathological and biochemical assessment.

Materials And Methods: Hepatic steatosis was induced by feeding rats with a methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 1, 2, 3, 5 or 7 weeks (n=5 per group).

Alterations of hormonally active fibroblast growth factors after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Thirty-five morbidly obese patients underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB). In addition to weight loss, these patients showed significant improvement of insulin resistance and a reduction of hepatic fat content. Three months after surgery, the serum bile salts were slightly but significantly elevated, and the levels of the endocrine-acting fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and FGF21 were increased.

Hepatic steatosis in morbidly obese patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery: assessment with open-system 1H-MR spectroscopy.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess, with histopathologic control, the use of open-system 1-T (1)H MR spectroscopy for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis in morbidly obese patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery.

Subjects And Methods: Patients underwent (1)H MR spectroscopy (MRS) for the assessment of steatosis before and 3 months after surgery. Liver biopsy was performed during surgery.

[No-invasive determination of liver fat with 1H-MR spectroscopy].

Hepatic steatosis is characterized by accumulation of fat in the liver. The prevalence of hepatic steatosis is increasing wordwide due to the close relation between obesity and insulin resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The reference standard for determination of hepatic steatosis is liver biopsy with histological assessment.

Reversal of hepatic steatosis by omega-3 fatty acids measured non-invasively by (1) H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a rat model.

Background And Aim: Living donors with marked (> 33%) macrovesicular steatosis (MaS) are excluded from living donor liver transplantation procedures. Experimental studies have shown that the development of steatosis can be prevented by supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (FA), but no studies have investigated the reduction of steatosis using omega-3 FA. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether administration of omega-3 FA is effective in reducing steatosis.

Lipotoxicity and steatohepatitis in an overfed mouse model for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Unlabelled: The major risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. The cause for progression from the steatosis stage to the inflammatory condition (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)) remains elusive at present. Aim of this study was to test whether the different stages of NAFLD as well as the associated metabolic abnormalities can be recreated in time in an overfed mouse model and study the mechanisms underlying the transition from steatosis to NASH.

The diagnostic accuracy of US, CT, MRI and 1H-MRS for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis compared with liver biopsy: a meta-analysis.

Objective: To meta-analyse the diagnostic accuracy of US, CT, MRI and 1H-MRS for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis.

Methods: From a comprehensive literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane (up to November 2009), articles were selected that investigated the diagnostic performance imaging techniques for evaluating hepatic steatosis with histopathology as the reference standard. Cut-off values for the presence of steatosis on liver biopsy were subdivided into four groups: (1) >0, >2 and >5% steatosis; (2) >10, >15 and >20%; (3) >25, >30 and >33%; (4) >50, >60 and >66%.

Noninvasive quantification of hepatic steatosis in rats using 3.0 T 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Purpose: To assess the accuracy of noninvasive 3.0 T (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) in an experimental steatosis model for the discrimination of clinically relevant macrovesicular steatosis degrees and to evaluate three different (1)H-MR spectrum-based fat quantification methods.

Materials And Methods: Steatosis was induced in rats by a methionine/choline-deficient diet for 0-5 weeks.

Assessment of hepatic steatosis in patients undergoing liver resection: comparison of US, CT, T1-weighted dual-echo MR imaging, and point-resolved 1H MR spectroscopy.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), T1-weighted dual-echo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and point-resolved proton (hydrogen 1[(1)H]) MR spectroscopy in the assessment of hepatic steatosis in patients undergoing liver resection.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study was approved by the institutional review board, and patients gave written informed consent. US, CT, T1-weighted MR imaging, and (1)H MR spectroscopy were performed preoperatively in 46 patients.

Evaluation of peri-tumoral vessels surrounding colorectal liver metastases after intravenous injection of extruded magnetoliposomes in rats: correlation with 3T MRI and histopathology.

Background: Magnetoliposomes have pronounced signal-enhancing effect on T1-weighted (T1w) images of the liver using qualitative analysis which may be benefical for demonstrating peritumoral vasculature.

Purpose: To correlate peri-tumoral vasculature (ring-enhancement) surrounding colorectal liver metastases after injection of magnetoliposomes using T1-weighted (T1w) imaging with histopathology in a rat model.

Material And Methods: All experiments were approved by the responsible Animal Care Committee.

Hepatic unsaturated fatty acids in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease assessed by 3.0T MR spectroscopy.

Rationale And Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to the metabolic syndrome and obesity. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) is a non-invasive technique to assess hepatic triglyceride content (HTGC) and allows assessment of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). There is increasing evidence that hepatic UFA are associated with the development of NAFLD.

The hepatic response to FGF19 is impaired in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance.

Intestinal FGF19 has emerged as a novel endocrine regulator of hepatic bile salt and lipid metabolism. In patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) hepatic lipid metabolism is deranged. A possible role of FGF19 in NAFLD has not been reported yet.

Reproducibility of 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy for measuring hepatic fat content.

Purpose: To investigate reproducibility of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) to measure hepatic triglyceride content (HTGC).

Materials And Methods: In 24 subjects, HTGC was evaluated using (1)H-MRS at 3.0 Tesla.

Psychological factors and preferences for communicating prognosis in esophageal cancer patients.

Objective: Discussing prognosis is often confronting and complex for cancer patients. This study investigates how patients' psychological characteristics relate to their preferences concerning the disclosure of prognosis.

Methods: One hundred and seventy-six esophageal cancer patients participated in the study.

Patient preferences for the disclosure of prognosis after esophagectomy for cancer with curative intent.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the preferences for content, style, and format of prognostic information of patients after potentially curative esophagectomy for cancer and to explore predictors of these preferences.

Patients And Methods: This multicenter study included a consecutive series of patients who underwent surgical resection for cancer in the past 2 years and who did not have evidence of cancer recurrence. A questionnaire was used to elicit patient preferences for the content, style, and format of prognostic information.