"At the End I Have a Say": Engaging the Chinese Community in Advance Care Planning.

Context: Despite the association of advance care planning (ACP) with improved patient and caregiver outcomes, Chinese American elders have low rates of ACP.

Objectives: Assess ACP facilitators/barriers in the San Francisco (SF) Chinese community and codesign, implement, and test community-based ACP-promoting pilot events.

Methods: A Chinese Community Committee (N = 19 community-based organization leaders, health system representatives, community members) conducted focus groups in Cantonese and English with Chinese older adults (age ≥55), caregivers, and community leaders.

Managing Menopausal Symptoms: Common Questions and Answers.

Menopausal symptoms are widespread and significantly impact quality of life. Common symptoms of menopause are vasomotor (i.e.

Patterns of risk-Using machine learning and structural neuroimaging to identify pedophilic offenders.

Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) has become a focal point for lawmakers, law enforcement, and mental health professionals. With high prevalence rates around the world and far-reaching, often chronic, individual, and societal implications, CSA and its leading risk factor, pedophilia, have been well investigated. This has led to a wide range of clinical tools and actuarial instruments for diagnosis and risk assessment regarding CSA.

Microstructure, composition, and flexural strength of different layers within zirconia materials with strength gradient.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare composition, microstructure, and mechanical strength of current multilayer zirconia blanks.

Methods: Bar shaped specimens were made from several layers of multilayer zirconia blanks (Cercon ht ML, Dentsply Sirona, US; Katana Zirconia YML, Kuraray, J;SHOFU Disk ZR Lucent Supra, Shofu, J; priti multidisc ZrO Multi Translucent, Pritidenta, D; IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime, Ivoclar Vivadent, FL).

"We've Got to Bring Information to Where People Are Comfortable": Community-Based Advance Care Planning with the Black Community.

Background: People identifying as Black/African American are less likely to engage in advance care planning (ACP) compared to their White peers, despite the association of ACP with improved patient and caregiver outcomes.

Objectives: Assess facilitators/barriers to ACP in the San Francisco (SF) Black community and co-design/implement/test community-based ACP pilot events.

Design: Community-based participatory research, including qualitative research, intervention development, and implementation.

Common Skin Conditions During Pregnancy.

Skin conditions during pregnancy fall into three categories: benign hormone-related changes, preexisting skin conditions, and pregnancy-specific disorders. Benign hormonal skin changes (e.g.

A comparison of the predictive accuracy of structured and unstructured risk assessment methods for the prediction of recidivism in individuals convicted of sexual and violent offense.

One of the most commonly replicated results in the research area of recidivism risk assessment is the superiority of structured and standardized prediction methods in comparison to unstructured, subjective, intuitive, or impressionistic clinical judgments. However, the quality of evidence supporting this conclusion is partly still controversially discussed because studies including direct comparisons of the predictive accuracy of unstructured and structured risk assessment methods have been relatively rarely conducted. Therefore, we examined in the present study retrospectively = 416 expert witness reports written about individuals convicted of violent and/or sexual offenses in Germany between 1999 and 2015.

Rhombohedral Phase Formation in Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Induced by Dental Technical Tools and Its Impact on Dental Applications.

In the study the influence of different dental technical tools on the surface temperature and phase composition of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) made of yttria-partially stabilized zirconia polycrystals (3Y-/4Y-/5Y-PSZ) was investigated. FDPs were fabricated by using computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). The FDPs were treated with a contra-angle handpiece equipped with different burs and polishers.

Fracture behavior of cantilever fixed dental prostheses fabricated from different zirconia generations.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the fracture behavior of cantilever fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated from 3Y-TZP, 4Y-TZP, or 5Y-TZP zirconia.

Method And Materials: Posterior cantilever FDPs (three groups, each n = 16) were digitally designed and milled. After sintering, eight specimens/group were stored in demineralized water for 72 hours; eight specimens/group were subjected to accelerated aging using chewing simulation with thermal cycling (1,200,000 × 50 N; 2 × 3,000 × 5°C/55°C; H2O, 2 minutes/cycle) and finally stored in demineralized water for 24 hours.

Influence of Manufacturing Regimes on the Phase Transformation of Dental Zirconia.

Background: The influence of typical manufacturing regimes for producing fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) from yttria partly-stabilized zirconia polycrystals (3Y/4Y/5Y-TZP) on the phase composition is quantified.

Methods: Fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) were designed using a CAD process and machined from different Y-TZP blanks from two manufacturers differing in yttria contents. Subsequent to sintering, the FDPs were glaze fired and air-blasted using alumina particles.

The Influence of Surface Preparation, Chewing Simulation, and Thermal Cycling on the Phase Composition of Dental Zirconia.

The effect of dental technical tools on the phase composition and roughness of 3/4/5 yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (3y-/4y-/5y-TZP) for application in prosthetic dentistry was investigated. Additionally, the X-ray diffraction methods of Garvie-Nicholson and Rietveld were compared in a dental restoration context. Seven plates from two manufacturers, each fabricated from commercially available zirconia (3/4/5 mol%) for application as dental restorative material, were stressed by different dental technical tools used for grinding and polishing, as well as by chewing simulation and thermocycling.

Shape deformation analysis reveals the temporal dynamics of cell-type-specific homeostatic and pathogenic responses to mutant huntingtin.

Loss of cellular homeostasis has been implicated in the etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie this loss remain poorly understood on a systems level in each case. Here, using a novel computational approach to integrate dimensional RNA-seq and in vivo neuron survival data, we map the temporal dynamics of homeostatic and pathogenic responses in four striatal cell types of Huntington's disease (HD) model mice.

[Response distortion or symptom severity? Symptom description by psychiatric patients and sociomedical assessment subjects].

Background: Psychiatric disorders are the most frequent cause for premature retirement; however, trying to verify claims of performance deficits due to psychiatric disorders without the actual existence of the latter in sociomedical assessments is problematic. For this reason, differentiation between actual psychiatric disorders with real presence of symptoms and simulated or aggravated symptoms is of importance in sociomedical assessments. In recent years, symptom validity tests (SVT) have been increasingly utilized in psychiatric/psychological assessments; however, knowledge of the validity of these tests and the relation to symptom severity is still lacking.

Improvement in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after pembrolizumab-induced immune reconstruction inflammatory syndrome in a patient with follicular lymphoma.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) may develop in follicular lymphoma patients treated with bendamustine-rituximab. In this report, treatment with pembrolizumab successfully inhibited the clinical progression of PML by promoting radiologically demonstrated immune restoration inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), allowing complete clearance of the virus. These findings may further support the use of pembrolizumab in PML with special consideration for the potential occurrence of IRIS.

Interleukin-6 deficiency exacerbates Huntington's disease model phenotypes.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG trinucleotide expansions in the huntingtin gene. Markers of both systemic and CNS immune activation and inflammation have been widely noted in HD and mouse models of HD. In particular, elevation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the earliest reported marker of immune activation in HD, and this elevation has been suggested to contribute to HD pathogenesis.

Genome-wide In Vivo CNS Screening Identifies Genes that Modify CNS Neuronal Survival and mHTT Toxicity.

Unbiased in vivo genome-wide genetic screening is a powerful approach to elucidate new molecular mechanisms, but such screening has not been possible to perform in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Here, we report the results of the first genome-wide genetic screens in the CNS using both short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and CRISPR libraries. Our screens identify many classes of CNS neuronal essential genes and demonstrate that CNS neurons are particularly sensitive not only to perturbations to synaptic processes but also autophagy, proteostasis, mRNA processing, and mitochondrial function.

Cell-type-specific miR-431 dysregulation in a motor neuron model of spinal muscular atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal-recessive pediatric neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective loss of spinal motor neurons. It is caused by mutation in the survival of motor neuron 1, SMN1, gene and leads to loss of function of the full-length SMN protein. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.

Developing therapies for spinal muscular atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy is an autosomal-recessive pediatric neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of spinal motor neurons. It is caused by mutation in the gene survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1), leading to loss of function of the full-length SMN protein. SMN has a number of functions in neurons, including RNA splicing and snRNP biogenesis in the nucleus, and RNA trafficking in neurites.

SMN regulates axonal local translation via miR-183/mTOR pathway.

Reduced expression of SMN protein causes spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a neurodegenerative disorder leading to motor neuron dysfunction and loss. However, the molecular mechanisms by which SMN regulates neuronal dysfunction are not fully understood. Here, we report that reduced SMN protein level alters miRNA expression and distribution in neurons.

Neuronal Tsc1/2 complex controls autophagy through AMPK-dependent regulation of ULK1.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a disorder arising from mutation in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, characterized by the development of hamartomas in various organs and neurological manifestations including epilepsy, intellectual disability and autism. TSC1/2 protein complex negatively regulates the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) a master regulator of protein synthesis, cell growth and autophagy. Autophagy is a cellular quality-control process that sequesters cytosolic material in double membrane vesicles called autophagosomes and degrades it in autolysosomes.

Divergent dysregulation of gene expression in murine models of fragile X syndrome and tuberous sclerosis.

Background: Fragile X syndrome and tuberous sclerosis are genetic syndromes that both have a high rate of comorbidity with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several lines of evidence suggest that these two monogenic disorders may converge at a molecular level through the dysfunction of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity.

Methods: To explore the characteristics of transcriptomic changes in these monogenic disorders, we profiled genome-wide gene expression levels in cerebellum and blood from murine models of fragile X syndrome and tuberous sclerosis.

The E280A presenilin mutation reduces voltage-gated sodium channel levels in neuronal cells.

Background: Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) mutations in presenilin (PS) modulate PS/γ-secretase activity and therefore contribute to AD pathogenesis. Previously, we found that PS/γ-secretase cleaves voltage-gated sodium channel β2-subunits (Navβ2), releases the intracellular domain of Navβ2 (β2-ICD), and thereby, increases intracellular sodium channel α-subunit Nav1.1 levels.