Are more data always better? - Machine learning forecasting of algae based on long-term observations.

Bloom-forming algae present a unique challenge to water managers as they can significantly impair provision of important ecosystem services and cause health risks to humans and animals. Consequently, effective short-term algae forecasts are important as they provide early warnings and enable implementation of mitigation strategies. In this context, machine learning (ML) emerges as a promising forecasting tool.

Combined Earth observations reveal the sequence of conditions leading to a large algal bloom in Lake Geneva.

Freshwater algae exhibit complex dynamics, particularly in meso-oligotrophic lakes with sudden and dramatic increases in algal biomass following long periods of low background concentration. While the fundamental prerequisites for algal blooms, namely light and nutrient availability, are well-known, their specific causation involves an intricate chain of conditions. Here we examine a recent massive Uroglena bloom in Lake Geneva (Switzerland/France).

GLORIA - A globally representative hyperspectral in situ dataset for optical sensing of water quality.

The development of algorithms for remote sensing of water quality (RSWQ) requires a large amount of in situ data to account for the bio-geo-optical diversity of inland and coastal waters. The GLObal Reflectance community dataset for Imaging and optical sensing of Aquatic environments (GLORIA) includes 7,572 curated hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance measurements at 1 nm intervals within the 350 to 900 nm wavelength range. In addition, at least one co-located water quality measurement of chlorophyll a, total suspended solids, absorption by dissolved substances, and Secchi depth, is provided.

Non-Markovian vibrational relaxation dynamics at surfaces.

Vibrational dynamics of adsorbates near surfaces plays both an important role for applied surface science and as a model lab for studying fundamental problems of open quantum systems. We employ a previously developed model for the relaxation of a D-Si-Si bending mode at a D:Si(100)-(2 × 1) surface, induced by a "bath" of more than 2000 phonon modes [Lorenz and P. Saalfrank, Chem.

Merging of the Case 2 Regional Coast Colour and Maximum-Peak Height chlorophyll-a algorithms: validation and demonstration of satellite-derived retrievals across US lakes.

Water quality monitoring is relevant for protecting the designated, or beneficial uses, of water such as drinking, aquatic life, recreation, irrigation, and food supply that support the economy, human well-being, and aquatic ecosystem health. Managing finite water resources to support these designated uses requires information on water quality so that managers can make sustainable decisions. Chlorophyll-a (chl-a, µg L) concentration can serve as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass and may be used as an indicator of increased anthropogenic nutrient stress.

A hierarchical effective mode approach to phonon-driven multilevel vibrational relaxation dynamics at surfaces.

We discuss an efficient Hierarchical Effective Mode (HEM) representation of a high-dimensional harmonic oscillator bath, which describes phonon-driven vibrational relaxation of an adsorbate-surface system, namely, deuterium adsorbed on Si(100). Starting from the original Hamiltonian of the adsorbate-surface system, the HEM representation is constructed via iterative orthogonal transformations, which are efficiently implemented with Householder matrices. The detailed description of the HEM representation and its construction are given in the second quantization representation.

Exact open quantum system dynamics: Optimal frequency vs time representation of bath correlations.

Two different numerically exact methods for open quantum system dynamics, the hierarchy of pure states (HOPS) method, and the multi-Davydov-Ansatz are discussed. We focus on the suitability of the underlying representations of bath correlations. While in the HOPS case the correct description of the bath correlation function (BCF) in the time domain is decisive, it turns out that a windowed Fourier transform of the BCF is an appropriate indicator of the quality of the discretization in the multi-Davydov-Ansatz.

Davydov-Ansatz for Landau-Zener-Stueckelberg-Majorana transitions in an environment: Tuning the survival probability via number state excitation.

We theoretically investigate transitions in a two-level system, which are induced by a sweep through an avoided crossing in the presence of coupling to a single, excited bosonic mode. This allows us to propose an initial number-state bosonic excitation as a new possible control parameter for the survival probability at long times. The expansion of number states in terms of coherent states centered around points on a circle in phase space makes a multi-Davydov-Ansatz the method of choice to perform the required numerical calculations.

Urethral ultrasound as a screening tool for stricture recurrence after oral mucosa graft urethroplasty.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of sonourethrography (SUG) in combination with voiding pattern analysis to determine success after oral mucosa graft (OMG) urethroplasty. OMG urethroplasty is a standard treatment for men with recurrent urethral stricture. Because of its performance, the optimum follow-up algorithm remains controversial.

Long-term results after endoscopic VUR-treatment using dextranomer / hyaluronic acid copolymer - 5-year experience in a single-center.

Background: A number of bulking agents have been used for the endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux in children. We present our long-term results of endoscopic use of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (Deflux(®)) for VUR treatment in children.

Patients And Methods: Between 2004 and 2008, 21 children underwent endoscopic subureteral injection of Deflux(®) in 30 ureters as an outpatient procedure.

Genomic instability at both the base pair level and the chromosomal level is detectable in earliest PanIN lesions in tissues of chronic pancreatitis.

Objective: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a predisposing disease for pancreatic carcinoma (PC), however, precise molecular mechanisms of cancer development in the background of CP are ill defined.

Methods: A total of 443 laser-microdissected pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), acinar-ductal metaplasia (ADM), and normal ducts from 21 patients with CP were analyzed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and immunohistochemical protein expression of p53, p16, and DPC4. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias were analyzed for mutations in p53, p16, and Ki-ras genes by ABI sequencing.

Objective long-term evaluation after distal hypospadias repair using the meatal mobilization technique.

Objective: Meatal mobilization (MEMO) by distal urethral preparation has been demonstrated to be an efficient surgical technique for the correction of distal hypospadias offering excellent short-term success rates. This study objectively evaluates individual patient satisfaction using a validated score in the long term.

Material And Methods: A total of 218 patients who underwent hypospadias repair using the MEMO technique was identified.

[Long-term results after endoscopic subureteral injection for VUR using dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer : a five years experience].

Background: A number of bulking agents have been used for the endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux in children. We present the long-term results of endoscopic use of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (Deflux) for VUR grade I-IV in children.

Patients And Methods: Between 2004 and 2008, 21 children underwent endoscopic subureteral injection of Deflux in 30 ureters as an outpatient procedure.

Molecular genetic analysis of surveillance biopsy samples from Barrett's mucosa--significance of sampling.

Our aim was to determine the spectrum and accumulation of mutations in surveillance biopsies from Barrett's mucosa of individual patients during follow-up. We performed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of six recently described tumor suppressor genes relevant for the carcinogenesis of Barrett's adenocarcinoma from laser-microdissected, paraffin-embedded biopsy samples of Barrett's mucosa without or with low-grade dysplastic change. 118 biopsy samples from 26 patients were taken during surveillance programs in time intervals ranging between 6 and 51 months.

[Sclerosing Sertoli cell tumor of the testis: a rare tumor. Case report and review of the literature on the subtypes of Sertoli-cell tumor].

Sertoli cell tumors of the testis are extremely rare (0.4-1.5% of all testicular neoplasms) and have a heterogeneous pathology.

Transcriptional profiling of transurethral resection samples provides insight into molecular mechanisms of hormone refractory prostate cancer.

The molecular mechanisms for hormone-resistant prostate cancer progression still remain elusive, mainly due to the limited availability of corresponding tissue. As transurethral resection (TUR) is a common palliative therapy for patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) who have subvesical obstruction, we aimed to demonstrate that TUR samples can be used to identify significantly affected biological pathways during the switch to HRPC using oligonucleotide microarray analysis. Among the most significantly deregulated pathways in HRPC, we observed an induction of oxidative phosphorylation and a repression of cytoskeletal components.

[Efficacy of home exercises for symptomatic rotator cuff tears in correlation to the size of the defect].

Aim: Although the outcome of surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears is well documented in the literature, less is known about the efficacy of home exercises for symptomatic rotator cuff tears in correlation to the size of the defect.

Methods: A series of 30 patients (38 shoulders) with rotator cuff tears seen by ultrasonography were included in this prospective study. Rotator cuff tears were divided into partial defects (group A), full thickness tears of the supraspinatus tendon (group B), and massive rotator cuff defects (group C).

Laser microdissection of small tissue samples--application to chronic pancreatitis tissues.

Laser microdissection is considered to be the gold standard of tissue sampling, especially if a defined small tissue area consisting of single or few cells within a heterogeneous tissue compartment is of interest. This sophisticated technique offers the opportunity of rapid and contamination-free tissue sampling for RNA- or DNA-based molecular genetic studies. We have applied laser microdissection to a molecular genetic study of pancreatic intraductal lesions (PanINs) in tissues of chronic pancreatitis, where an exact microdissection of small ducts within a dense fibrous tissue is of paramount importance for following analysis.