Falls in oxygen saturations accompany electrographic seizures in term neonates: an observational study.

Background: Effective seizure detection is important however, clinical signs of seizure activity may be subtle in neonates. This study aimed to systematically investigate SpO and respiratory pattern changes associated with EEG seizures in term-born neonates.

Method: An observational study in term neonates at risk of seizures admitted to a single tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit.

Confocal microscopy 3D imaging and bioreactivity of La Palma volcanic ash particles.

In September 2021 an eruption began of Cumbre Vieja, La Palma (Spain) that lasted 3 months. Previous studies have shown that volcanic ash particles can be associated with adverse effects on human health however, the reasons for this are unclear. Particle shape has been shown to contribute to cellular uptake in prostate cancer cells.

"Association between posterior unilateral functional crossbite and asymmetrical spinal flexion: A prospective study".

Background: Unilateral posterior crossbite (UPC) with functional shift is a malocclusion that may have the potential to affect the masticatory function and the flexibility of the spine due to intrinsic occlusal, structural and functional asymmetries sustained by marked asymmetrical muscular activation.

Research Question: To investigate whether the presence of UPC with functional shift is associated with reverse chewing pattern and altered spine flexion.

Methods: Patients with UPC and a control group of patients with normal occlusion were recorded when chewing soft and hard boluses using a Kinesiograph (Myotronics-Noromed Inc.

Non-invasive sensor methods used in monitoring newborn babies after birth, a clinical perspective.

Background: Reducing the global new-born mortality is a paramount challenge for humanity. There are approximately 786,323 live births in the UK each year according to the office for National Statistics; around 10% of these newborn infants require assistance during this transition after birth. Each year around, globally around 2.

Pulse oximetry respiratory monitoring for assessment of acute childhood wheeze.

Objective: There is a lack of objective measures to assess children with acute wheezing episodes. Increased respiratory rate (RR) and pulsus paradoxus (PP) are recognised markers, but poorly recorded in practice. We examined whether they can be reliably assessed from a pulse oximeter plethysmogram ('pleth') trace and predict clinical outcome.

A prospective cohort study using non-invasive methods of cardiovascular assessment to compare postnatal adaptation in well late preterm and term infants.

Echocardiography was combined with pulse oximetry plethysmography to investigate postnatal cardiovascular adaptation in late preterm and term infants. Median (IQR) pleth variability decreased over three days and similar, day2 15%(12-18%) preterm versus 16%(15-18%) term infants. Median (IQR) pulse transit time heart rate normalised was lower in term babies, day2 0.

Physiological CTG categorization in types of hypoxia compared with MRI and neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with HIE.

Background: Commonly used methods of CTG classification do not reliably predict neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Objective: To examine whether a relationship exists between the types of hypoxia as identified on the cardiotocograph using novel physiology-based CTG classification and patterns of injury on neonatal cerebral MRI and later neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Study Design: A retrospective study of term-born infants admitted to four neonatal units with HIE as part of a brain injury biomarkers study between January 2014 and December 2015.

Assessing patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants from standard neonatal intensive care monitoring.

Monitoring patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants is currently performed intermittently using echocardiography which requires considerable expertise. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether PDA status could be assessed from standard neonatal intensive care monitoring. Electrocardiography (ECG) and blood pressure (BP) waveforms were acquired from extremely preterm infants using standard neonatal monitors.

Anal canal to pubis angle: a novel clinical ultrasound technique for the assessment of the anorectal region.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Posterior compartment prolapse is associated with severe morbidity including faecal incontinence and defaecation dysfunction. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel ultrasound marker (anal canal to pubis angle) for the assessment of the anal axis in the context of posterior compartment prolapse in women and in controls (healthy, nulliparous, non-pregnant volunteers).

Methods: Anal canal to pubis (AC/Pubis) angle is measured with 2D transperineal ultrasound in precisely the midsagittal plane.

Absence of fetal heart rate cycling on the intrapartum cardiotocograph (CTG) is associated with intrapartum pyrexia and lower Apgar scores.

Background: Cycling consists of alternating periods of reduced and normal fetal heart variability, reflecting changes in fetal behavioral states. Occurrence of active and quiet sleep cycles is considered to be a hallmark of fetal autonomic nervous system integrity, demonstrating healthy interaction between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. Cycling is an overlooked feature in most international cardiotocography (CTG) guidelines.

Visualisation and biovolume quantification in the characterisation of biofilm formation in Mycoplasma fermentans.

The ability of mycoplasmas to persist on surfaces has been widely acknowledged, despite their fastidious nature. However, the organism's capability to form a recognisable biofilm structure has been identified more recently. In the current study Mycoplasma fermentans was found to adhere to the glass surface forming highly differentiated biofilm structures.

Confocal microscopy 3D imaging of diesel particulate matter.

To date, diesel particulate matter (DPM) has been described as aggregates of spherule particles with a smooth appearing surface. We have used a new colour confocal microscope imaging method to study the 3D shape of diesel particulate matter (DPM); we observed that the particles can have sharp jagged appearing edges and consistent with these findings, 2D light microscopy demonstrated that DPM adheres to human lung epithelial cells. Importantly, the slide preparation and confocal microscopy method applied avoids possible alteration to the particles' surfaces and enables colour 3D visualisation of the particles.

Quantitative investigation of the esthetic impact of lip prominence in relation to the esthetic line.

Introduction: The purpose of this quantitative investigation was to assess the influence of lip prominence in relation to the esthetic line (E-line) on perceived attractiveness and threshold values of desire for treatment.

Methods: The lip prominence of an idealized silhouette male white profile image was altered incrementally between -16 mm to 4 mm from the E-line. The images were rated on a Likert scale by pretreatment orthognathic patients (n = 75), laypeople (n = 75), and clinicians (n = 35).

Mandibular shape prediction using cephalometric analysis: applications in craniofacial analysis, forensic anthropology and archaeological reconstruction.

Background: The human mandible is variable in shape, size and position and any deviation from normal can affect the facial appearance and dental occlusion.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine whether the Sassouni cephalometric analysis could help predict two-dimensional mandibular shape in humans using cephalometric planes and landmarks.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective computerised analysis of 100 lateral cephalometric radiographs taken at Kingston Hospital Orthodontic Department was carried out.

Curcumin In Situ Gelling Polymeric Insert with Enhanced Ocular Performance.

The search for an ocular drug delivery system that could provide long-acting effects without a detriment to the anatomy and physiology of the eye remains a challenge. Polyphenolic compounds (curcumin in particular) have recently gained popularity due to their powerful antioxidant properties; yet curcumin suffers poor stability and water solubility. A conventional eye drop formulation of curcumin in the form of a suspension is likely to suffer a short duration of action requiring multiple instillations.

Nasolabial angle and nasal tip elevation changes in profile view following a Le Fort I osteotomy with or without the use of an alar base cinch suture: a long-term cohort study.

Objectives: Cinch sutures attempt to counteract alar base widening but may lead to unintended increases in the nasolabial angle and nasal tip elevation. The aim of this investigation was to assess nasolabial angle changes after maxillary osteotomies with and without alar base cinch sutures in the short and long terms.

Study Design: Seventy-eight patients were assessed, with 51 in the cinch group (38 females, 13 males; age range 16-39 years) and 27 in the no-cinch group (12 females, 15 males; age range 17-27 years).

The Opinion of Different Observer Groups About the Esthetic Impact and Need for Surgical Correction of Varying Submental Lengths.

Purpose: This study evaluated the opinion of different observer groups about the influence of the submental length on perceived attractiveness and when surgical correction was deemed necessary.

Materials And Methods: The submental length of an idealized silhouette of a white male profile was altered incrementally between 5 and 95 mm. Images were rated for attractiveness on a Likert scale by pretreatment orthognathic surgery patients (n = 75), laypersons (n = 75), and clinicians (maxillofacial surgeons and orthodontists) (n = 35).

The maxillary incisor labial face tangent: clinical evaluation of maxillary incisor inclination in profile smiling view and idealized aesthetics.

Background: To test the hypothesis that in profile smiling view, for ideal aesthetics, a tangent to the labial face of the maxillary central incisor crowns should be approximately parallel to the true vertical line and thereby perpendicular to the true horizontal line.

Methods: An idealized female image was created with computer software and manipulated using the same software to construct an "ideal" female profile image with proportions, and linear and angular soft tissue measurements, based on currently accepted criteria for idealized Caucasian profiles. The maxillary incisor labial face tangent was altered in 5° increments from 70 to 120°, creating a range of images, shown in random order to 70 observers (56 lay people and 14 clinicians), who ranked the images from the most to the least attractive.

Analysing chin prominence in relation to the lower lip: The lower lip-chin prominence angle.

The purpose of this investigation is to describe a potentially useful analysis in assessing the required extent of sagittal chin augmentation or set-back, by relating chin prominence to lower lip position using the 'lower lip-chin prominence angle'. The secondary aim was to quantitatively evaluate the influence of this angle on perceived attractiveness and desire for surgery. Having described this angular analysis, a quantitative evaluation was undertaken by incrementally altering the angle on an idealised profile image to create a range of images that were rated on a 7-point Likert scale by a pre-selected group of pre-treatment orthognathic patients, clinicians and laypeople.

Visual assessment of heart rate variability patterns associated with neonatal infection in preterm infants.

Early identification of neonatal sepsis may help reduce morbidity. From Heart Rate Variability (HRV) visually assessed in preterm infants, eight of nine recordings in babies with positive blood cultures had low HRV and six infants without positive cultures had normal HRV. Straightforward HRV display could help identify infection in infants.