Opportunities to tackle antibiotic resistance development in the aquatic environment through the Water Framework Directive.

Antibiotics are critical components of modern health care. Protecting their efficacy through managing the rise in antibiotic resistance is therefore a global concern. It is not known to what extent environmental pollution from antibiotics contributes to the development of resistance, but encountered concentrations are frequently above concentrations predicted to select for resistance.

Development of an Insulin Pen is a Patient-Centric Multidisciplinary Undertaking: A Commentary.

The goal of human-centered insulin pen design is to relieve the treatment burden of a chronic condition and help affected individuals to feel free of disease. The patient as well as their entire ecosystem should be considered. At Novo Nordisk A/S, we believe that embedding human-centered design at the heart of our development processes is best achieved with multidisciplinary experts in-house to work alongside product development teams and, importantly, the end user.

Substances of emerging concern in Baltic Sea water: Review on methodological advances for the environmental assessment and proposal for future monitoring.

The Baltic Sea is among the most polluted seas worldwide. Anthropogenic contaminants are mainly introduced via riverine discharge and atmospheric deposition. Regional and international measures have successfully been employed to reduce concentrations of several legacy contaminants.

Mitochondrial clearance of calcium facilitated by MICU2 controls insulin secretion.

Objective: Transport of Ca into pancreatic β cell mitochondria facilitates nutrient-mediated insulin secretion. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Recent establishment of the molecular identity of the mitochondrial Ca uniporter (MCU) and associated proteins allows modification of mitochondrial Ca transport in intact cells.

The Vbeta13 T Cell Receptor Monoclonal Antibody Reduces Hyaluronan and CD68+, CD3+, and CD8+ Cell Infiltrations to Delay Diabetes in Congenic BB DR Rats.

The depleting Vβ13a T cell receptor monoclonal antibody (mAb) 17D5 prevents both induced and spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in BB rats. Here it was tested in congenic DR rats, all of which spontaneously developed diabetes. Starting at 40 days of age, rats were injected once weekly with either saline, His42 Vβ16 mAb, or 17D5 mAb and monitored for hyperglycemia.

Critical knowledge gaps and research needs related to the environmental dimensions of antibiotic resistance.

There is growing understanding that the environment plays an important role both in the transmission of antibiotic resistant pathogens and in their evolution. Accordingly, researchers and stakeholders world-wide seek to further explore the mechanisms and drivers involved, quantify risks and identify suitable interventions. There is a clear value in establishing research needs and coordinating efforts within and across nations in order to best tackle this global challenge.

An academic researcher's guide to increased impact on regulatory assessment of chemicals.

The interactions between academic research and regulatory assessment of chemicals may in theory seem straightforward: researchers perform studies, and these studies are used by regulators for decision-making. However, in practice the situation is more complex, and many factors decide a research study's regulatory use. According to several EU chemical legislations, all available and relevant studies can be used in hazard and risk assessment of chemicals.

Predicting petroleum phototoxicity.

Phototoxicity to Daphnia magna was studied on 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 22 petroleum products (ranging from diesel to crude oil). The phototoxicity ranking of pure PAHs was about the same as found in another study on fish gill cells in vitro (Toxicology 127 (1998) 143), suggesting that the relative acute phototoxicity does not differ significantly between different species. Most petroleum products were found to be phototoxic, although the results differ somewhat between test methods (preparation of water-accommodated fractions or petroleum ether dissolved oil slurries).

Development of renal cell carcinoma in living donor kidney grafts.

Background: Although development of malignancies after transplantation is well recognized, de novo development of cancer in renal transplants is a rare phenomenon. We describe two cases of de novo development of renal cell carcinoma in two living donor grafts.

Materials And Results: The recipients were 45 and 4 years, respectively, at transplantation and their fathers were donors.

Effects of different protective agents on the phototoxicity of fluoranthene to Daphnia magna.

Some compounds, accumulated by organisms, are transformed into toxic forms when irradiated with UV light. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fluoranthene is one such compound of environmental importance. In this study on Daphnia magna, fluoranthene toxicity increased significantly after a 2 h exposure to solar-simulating UV light, if organisms were allowed to accumulate the substance for 24 h prior to irradiation.

[Intestinal transplantation. The first Swedish transplantation of the small intestine in an adult patient with pseudoobstruction].

Recent advances, first and foremost the development of new immunosuppressive agents, have markedly improved the outcome of intestinal transplantation, which is a treatment option for patients with serious intestinal diseases who have become dependent on total parenteral nutrition. The first small bowel transplantation in Sweden was performed at Huddinge Hospital in 1997, in the adult patient with intestinal pseudo-obstruction. The article reports the course of this patient and an update of international progress in intestinal transplantation.

Phototoxicity identification by solid phase extraction and photoinduced toxicity to Daphnia magna.

The photoinduced toxicity of several environmental pollutants (some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons [PAHs]) is a potential threat to aquatic organisms. To identify the cause/s of photoinduced toxicity of a sample, it is not sufficient to simply analyze the content of some known phototoxic compounds; so far too few substances of environmental concern have ever been tested for their photoinduced toxicity. The PAHs as well as other known phototoxic compounds are hydrophobic and are expected to bind to C18 columns.