A molecular phylogeny of ichthyophiid caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae): out of India or out of South East Asia?

Recent molecular phylogenetic studies indicate that the rafting Indian plate harboured several isolated vertebrate lineages between ca. 130 and 56 Myr ago that dispersed and diversified 'out of India' following accretion with Eurasia. A single family of the amphibian order Gymnophiona, the Ichthyophiidae, presently occurs on the Indian plate and across much of South East Asia.

The fine structure of the lateral-line organs of larval Ichthyophis (Amphibia: Gymnophiona).

Light and electron microscopic observations of the lateral-line organs of larval Ichthyophis kohtaoensis confirmed earlier reports of the occurrence of two different types of lateral-line organs. One type, the ampullary organ, possesses 15-26 egg-shaped sensory cells. Each sensory cell extends a single kinocilium surrounded by a few microvilli into the ampullary lumen.

[A new actograph operating by capacitance sensing].

Capacitance sensing devices are useful for ecological and ethological studies (Zucker et al., 1968). If the location and activity of small animals (e.