Antibacterial Activity of Microbial Natural Products against Bacterial Pathogens of Veterinary and Zoonotic Relevance.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered one of the greatest threats to both human and animal health. Efforts to address AMR include implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs and introducing alternative treatment options. Nevertheless, effective treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria will still require the identification and development of new antimicrobial agents.

Description, occurrence and significance of Mycoplasma seminis sp. nov. isolated from semen of a gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus).

The Mycoplasma strain ARNO was isolated from the semen of a clinically healthy gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus). Colonies of strain ARNO grew in fried-egg shape on Mycoplasma agar plates (SP4). The organism did not ferment glucose or hydrolyze arginine or urea; hence, organic acids are assumed as energy source.

Differential expression of hemolysin genes in weakly and strongly hemolytic Brachyspira hyodysenteriae strains.

Background: Swine dysentery (SD) is a diarrheal disease in fattening pigs that is caused by the strongly hemolytic species Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae, B. hampsonii and B.

Canine Brucellosis: Insights Into the Epidemiologic Situation in Europe.

is one of many responsible pathogens of discospondylitis in dogs and infections require specific management. Little is known about the epidemiologic situation in Europe. The purpose of the study was to get insights into the occurrence of brucellosis in dogs in Europe.

Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of Brachy -spira species from feces of layer chickens in Germany.

Objective: Anaerobic spirochetes of the genus are important pathogens causing swine dysentery ( [.] ) and porcine intestinal spirochetosis (, PIS). In addition, avian intestinal spirochetosis (AIS) is caused by , and Despite the economic impact of AIS, the disease has not received appropriate attention in Germany.

An update of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae serotyping.

Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae the causative agent of swine dysentery (SD) has been divided into 9 serotypes on basis of its lipooligosaccharide (LOS). Knowledge on circulating serotypes in Europe, however, is rare.

Detection of virus particles resembling circovirus and porcine circovirus 2a (PCV2a) sequences in feces of dogs.

During routine electron microscopy of fecal samples from diarrheic dogs dated from 2000 virus particles resembling circovirus in shape and size were detected in two samples (V2177/00; V3374/00). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) amplified DNA recovered from both samples. Sequencing of PCR amplificates (V2177/00) obtained with PCV2-specific primer pairs revealed a genome size of 1768bp.

Influenza A (H10N7) Virus Causes Respiratory Tract Disease in Harbor Seals and Ferrets.

Avian influenza viruses sporadically cross the species barrier to mammals, including humans, in which they may cause epidemic disease. Recently such an epidemic occurred due to the emergence of avian influenza virus of the subtype H10N7 (Seal/H10N7) in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). This epidemic caused high mortality in seals along the north-west coast of Europe and represented a potential risk for human health.

Description and prevalence of Mycoplasma ciconiae sp. nov. isolated from white stork nestlings (Ciconia ciconia).

The mycoplasma strain ST 57T was isolated from the trachea of a clinically healthy, free-ranging white stork nestling in Nielitz, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. Strain ST 57T grew in fried-egg-shaped colonies on mycoplasma (SP4) agar plates and was dependent on sterol for growth. The organism fermented glucose and did not hydrolyse arginine or urea.

Isolation and propagation of the animal rotaviruses in MA-104 cells--30 years of practical experience.

A total of 136 rotavirus positive samples from diarrhoeic animals of different species were submitted for isolation and cultural propagation of rotavirus on MA-104 cells. The samples were collected from animals with diarrhoea, between 1980 and 2010, originating from herds or farms located in several parts of Germany. Rotaviruses of species A were isolated from 102 faecal samples in cultures of MA-104 cells under the following conditions: pre-treatment of virus with trypsin, incorporation of trypsin into culture medium, use of roller cultures, and centrifugation of the samples on the cells.

Analysis of Multiple Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Genomes Confirms That the Species Is Relatively Conserved but Has Potentially Important Strain Variation.

The intestinal spirochete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is an important pathogen in swine, causing mucohemorrhagic colitis in a disease known as swine dysentery. Based on the detection of significant linkage disequilibrium in multilocus sequence data, the species is considered to be clonal. An analysis of the genome sequence of Western Australian B.

Mutations in the 50S ribosomal subunit of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae associated with altered minimum inhibitory concentrations of pleuromutilins.

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the causative agent of swine dysentery, is responsible for severe mucohaemorrhagic colitis with considerable financial loss to worldwide swine production. Antimicrobial resistance against macrolides and lincosamides is widespread and the mechanisms are well known. Currently, the most common treatment for swine dysentery is the use of pleuromutilins and resistance to these drugs also is increasingly being reported.

Adherence of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae to porcine intestinal epithelial cells is inhibited by antibodies against outer membrane proteins.

Attachment of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae to intestinal epithelial cell lines and its possible mediation by outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of the spirochete were examined. Different B. hyodysenteriae serotypes were shown to adhere to rat and swine intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-18 and IPEC-J2) in vitro but not to the human rectal tumor cell line (HRT-18).

Demonstration of genes encoding virulence and virulence life-style factors in Brachyspira spp. isolates from pigs.

The distribution of many genes encoding virulence and virulence life-style (VL-S) factors in Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae and other Brachyspira species are largely unknown. Their knowledge is essential e.

Tenacity of mammalian viruses in the gut of leeches fed with porcine blood.

Leech therapy is currently considered to be of high therapeutic value in medicine. However, feeding leeches with fresh animal blood during the maintenance and reproduction phase bears the risk of transmission of zoonotic viruses to the patient. We hypothesize that this would be abolished by subjecting leeches to quarantine measures prior to use.

Deficient incorporation of spike protein into virions contributes to the lack of infectivity following establishment of a persistent, non-productive infection in oligodendroglial cell culture by murine coronavirus.

Infection of mouse oligodendrocytes with a recombinant mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) expressing a green fluorescence protein facilitated specific selection of virus-infected cells and subsequent establishment of persistence. Interestingly, while viral genomic RNAs persisted in infected cells over 14 subsequent passages with concomitant synthesis of viral subgenomic mRNAs and structural proteins, no infectious virus was isolated beyond passage 2. Further biochemical and electron microscopic analyses revealed that virions, while assembled, contained little spike in the envelope, indicating that lack of infectivity during persistence was likely due to deficiency in spike incorporation.

[Examination of biocides for their effectiveness against animal viruses according to European Union Standards with emphasis on the selection of a suitable test virus].

Because of the changes to be expected in the methods for testing disinfectants deemed to be used in the veterinary field, candidate viral species were evaluated for their suitability as test virus. Considered viral species included different non-enveloped viruses [bovine enterovirus type 1 (ECBO (Enteric Cytopathogenic Bovine Orphan) virus), mammalian reovirus type 1, feline calici virus (FCV), and bovine parvovirus (BPV)], as well as enveloped viruses, as equine arteritisvirus (EAV), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV1), Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and vaccinia virus. Viruses were tested for their tenacity against different biocidal agents (formaldehyde, formic acid, peracetic acid, and sodium hypochlorite) in the suspension test at a temperature of 20 degrees C which is given as an optional test temperature according to prEN 14675 "Quantitative suspension test for the evaluation of virucidal activity of chemical disinfectants and antiseptics used in veterinary field--Test method and requirements"elaborated by the "Comite Européen de Normalisation"(CEN) (Anonym, 2004).

Isolation and molecular characterisation of equine rotaviruses from Germany.

A total of 26 rotavirus positive faecal samples of diarrhoeal foals, and 8 equine rotavirus isolates were examined. Viral RNA patterns were generated, G typing was performed by PCR, and a P[12]-specific DNA probe was developed for P typing. Furthermore, five equine rotavirus isolates were sequenced in the genomic regions coding for VP7 and part of VP4.

[Distribution of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Lawsonia intracellularis in healthy and diarrhoeic pigs].

Although Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae and Lawsonia (L.) intracellularis are widely distributed in pigs in Germany, there exists limited information on their clinical relevance.