Effects of Agricultural Fungicide Use on Aspergillus fumigatus Abundance, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Population Structure.

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing threat to human health. In the case of , which is both an environmental saprobe and an opportunistic human fungal pathogen, resistance is suggested to arise from fungicide use in agriculture, as the azoles used for plant protection share the same molecular target as the frontline antifungals used clinically. However, limiting azole fungicide use on crop fields to preserve their activity for clinical use could threaten the global food supply via a reduction in yield.

Urinary transcript quantitation of CK20 and IGF2 for the non-invasive bladder cancer detection.

Purpose: Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) were previously proposed to be elevated in clinical samples from patients with bladder cancer (BCa). A two cohort design validation study was used to assess the relevance for BCa detection by transcript quantitation of both markers in urine samples. Their diagnostic value was assessed in comparison with voided urine cytology (VUC).

DNA microarrays for hybridization detection by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy.

We report on the development of a new platform technology for the detection of genetic variations by means of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. TOPAS chips with integrated optics were exploited in combination with microfluidics. Within minutes, the detection of hybridization kinetics was achieved simultaneously at all spots of the DNA microarray.

Evaluation of seven X-chromosomal short tandem repeat loci located within the Xq26 region.

In this study a set of 29 X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) located within the Xq26 region was evaluated. These STRs were found within the 133.14-133.

Escherichia coli K-12 Suppressor-free Mutants Lacking Early Glycosyltransferases and Late Acyltransferases: minimal lipopolysaccharide structure and induction of envelope stress response.

To elucidate the minimal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure needed for the viability of Escherichia coli, suppressor-free strains lacking either the 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid transferase waaA gene or derivatives of the heptosyltransferase I waaC deletion with lack of one or all late acyltransferases (lpxL/M/P) and/or various outer membrane biogenesis factors were constructed. Delta(waaC lpxL lpxM lpxP) and waaA mutants exhibited highly attenuated growth, whereas simultaneous deletion of waaC and surA was lethal. Analyses of LPS of suppressor-free waaA mutants grown at 21 degrees C, besides showing accumulation of free lipid IV(A) precursor, also revealed the presence of its pentaacylated and hexaacylated derivatives, indicating in vivo late acylation can occur without Kdo.

Population genetic evaluation of eight X-chromosomal short tandem repeat loci using Mentype Argus X-8 PCR amplification kit.

The evaluation of four pairs of X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), i.e. DXS10135-DXS8378, DXS7132-DXS10074, HPRTB-DXS10101 and DXS7423-DXS10134 was carried out using the Argus X-8 Multiplex amplification kit.

New alleles and mutational events at 14 STR loci from different German populations.

The molecular origin of DNA mutations and the mutation rates were analyzed at 14 short tandem repeat (STR) loci with samples from trio cases derived from 10 different German population samples. STR loci comprised of D2S1360, D3S1744, D4S2366, D5S2500, D6S474, D7S1517, D8S1132, D10S2325, D12S391, D18S51, D19S246, D20S480, D21S226, and D22S689. In a total of 488 meioses, 16 isolated genetic inconsistencies in 8 different STRs were observed, whereas no mutations were found at the other loci.

[Antibody response after immunization with a Salmonella Typhimurium live vaccine in dependence on the way of application].

In Germany now, the recognition of Salmonella infections in pig herds is based on three different commercial tests detecting antibodies against Salmonella-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, a serious disadvantage of these tests, used so far, is the restricted detection of antibodies belonging predominantly to the immunoglobulin class g (IgG). Therefore, a new test was developed to detect three Ig classes (IgM, IgG and IgA).

Hungarian population data of eight X-linked markers in four linkage groups.

The X chromosomal STR markers DXS10135 and DXS8378 in linkage group 1, DXS7132 and DXS10074 in linkage group 2, HPRTB and DXS10101 in linkage group 3, and DXS10134 and DXS7423 in linkage group 4 were studied in the Hungarian population. After genotyping unrelated men (219) and women (165), forensic efficiency parameters were calculated. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium could not be detected.

Evaluation of haplotype discrimination capacity of 35 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat loci.

The haplotype discrimination capacity of the 9 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci comprising the so called minimal haplotype together with additional 26 recently described single-copy Y-STRs was evaluated within 391 males from Germany, The Netherlands, and Turkey. The aim of this study was to identify the minimum number of Y-STRs needed in addition to the recommended 9 minimal haplotype loci or the 11 SWGDAM loci for individualizing male lineages. Highest gene diversities were shown for DYS385 loci, DYS449, DYS481, DYS570, DYS447, DYS576, DYS389-II, and DYS390 (D=0.

Population data on the seven short tandem repeat loci D4S2366, D6S474, D14S608, D19S246, D20S480, D21S226 and D22S689 in a German population.

Allele frequencies for the autosomal tetranucleotide short tandem repeat loci D4S2366, D6S474, D14S608, D19S246, D20S480, D21S226 and D22S689 were investigated in a sample of 189 unrelated German individuals using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction approach. The loci showed no significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except for D14S608. All genotyped alleles were cloned and sequenced, and an allelic nomenclature consistent with the ISFH recommendations was defined.

OpsX from Haemophilus influenzae represents a novel type of heptosyltransferase I in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.

The inner core region of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Haemophilus influenzae is characterized by the presence of a phosphorylated 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo). In this study, we show that the heptosyltransferase I adding the first L-glycero-D-manno-heptose residue to this acceptor is encoded by the gene opsX, which differs in substrate specificity from the other heptosyltransferase I, known as WaaC.