The facilitated osteogenic differentiation by extracellular proline treatment in in vitro cell cultivation using MC3T3E1 and hPDLF.

Proline is a major substrate in collagen biosynthesis and is required for collagen molecule formations. However, detailed explanations of the molecular basis through which proline functions in collagen biosynthesis have yet to be provided. Thus, genome-wide screening was employed to elucidate these in the pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 and human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cell lines.

Prohibitin modulates periodontium differentiation in mice development.

Prohibitin (PHB) is an essential scaffold protein that modulates signaling pathways controlling cell survival, metabolism, inflammation, and bone formation. However, its specific role in periodontium development remains less understood. This study aims to elucidate the expression pattern and function of PHB in periodontium development and its involvement in alveolar bone formation.

Functional modulation of lysophosphatidic acid type 2 G-protein coupled receptor facilitates alveolar bone formation.

Lipid biosynthesis is recently studied its functions in a range of cellular physiology including differentiation and regeneration. However, it still remains to be elucidated in its precise function. To reveal this, we evaluated the roles of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling in alveolar bone formation using the LPA type 2 receptor (LPAR2) antagonist AMG-35 (Amgen Compound 35) using tooth loss without periodontal disease model which would be caused by trauma and usually requires a dental implant to restore masticatory function.

Developmental roles of glomerular epithelial protein-1 in mice molar morphogenesis.

Glomerular epithelial protein-1 (Glepp1), a R3 subtype family of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases, plays important role in the activation of Src family kinases and regulates cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this study, we firstly examined the functional evaluation of Glepp1 in tooth development and morphogenesis. The precise expression level and developmental function of Glepp1 were examined by RT-qPCR, in situ hybridization, and loss and gain of functional study using a range of in vitro organ cultivation methods.

The role of O-GlcNAcylation mediated by OGT during tooth development.

To understand the mechanisms underlying tooth morphogenesis, we examined the developmental roles of important posttranslational modification, O-GlcNAcylation, which regulates protein stability and activity by the addition and removal of a single sugar (O-GlcNAc) to the serine or threonine residue of the intracellular proteins. Tissue and developmental stage-specific immunostaining results against O-GlcNAc and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in developing tooth germs would suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is involved in tooth morphogenesis, particularly in the cap and secretory stage. To evaluate the developmental function of OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation, we employed an in vitro tooth germ culture method at E14.

Developmental function of Piezo1 in mouse submandibular gland morphogenesis.

Mechanically activated factors are important in organogenesis, especially in the formation of secretory organs, such as salivary glands. Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (Piezo1), although previously studied as a physical modulator of the mechanotransduction, was firstly evaluated on its developmental function in this study. The detailed localization and expression pattern of Piezo1 during mouse submandibular gland (SMG) development were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR, respectively.

The effects of 4-Phenylbutyric acid on ER stress during mouse tooth development.

During tooth development, proper protein folding and trafficking are significant processes as newly synthesized proteins proceed to form designated tissues. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs inevitably in tooth development as unfolded and misfolded proteins accumulate in ER. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4PBA) is a FDA approved drug and known as a chemical chaperone which alleviates the ER stress.

Effects of erythropoietin on osteoblast in the tooth extraction socket in mice periodontitis model.

Periodontitis is an excessive inflammatory event in tooth-supporting tissues and can cause tooth loss. We used erythropoietin (EPO), which has been reported to play an important role in bone healing and modulation of angiogenesis, as a therapeutic agent and experimental models to analyze its effect on periodontitis. First EPO was applied to MC3T3-E1 cells and human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cells to examine its function in altered cellular events and gene expression patterns.

Facilitation of Reparative Dentin Using a Drug Repositioning Approach With 4-Phenylbutric Acid.

For hard tissue formation, cellular mechanisms, involved in protein folding, processing, and secretion play important roles in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In pathological and regeneration conditions, ER stress hinders proper formation and secretion of proteins, and tissue regeneration by unfolded protein synthesis. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4PBA) is a chemical chaperone that alleviates ER stress through modulation in proteins folding and protein trafficking.

Facilitating Reparative Dentin Formation Using Apigenin Local Delivery in the Exposed Pulp Cavity.

Apigenin, a natural product belonging to the flavone class, affects various cell physiologies, such as cell signaling, inflammation, proliferation, migration, and protease production. In this study, apigenin was applied to mouse molar pulp after mechanically pulpal exposure to examine the detailed function of apigenin in regulating pulpal inflammation and tertiary dentin formation. cell cultivation using human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and mice model experiments were employed to examine the effect of apigenin in the pulp and dentin regeneration.

Signaling Modulation by During Tooth Morphogenesis in Mice.

miRNAs are conserved short non-coding RNAs that play a role in the modulation of various biological pathways during tissue and organ morphogenesis. In this study, the function of in tooth development, through its loss or gain in function was evaluated. A variety of techniques were utilized to evaluate detailed functional roles of during odontogenesis, including tooth cultivation, renal capsule transplantation, hybridization, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry.

Resveratrol enhances bone formation by modulating inflammation in the mouse periodontitis model.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of resveratrol on periodontal bone regeneration after local delivery and to determine its effect on inflammatory mediators.

Background: Resveratrol is considered an anti-inflammatory polyphenolic stilbene involved in the modulation of inflammation.

Materials And Methods: Periodontitis was induced in mouse molars using a 5-day ligature model followed by the left second molar extraction and 50 µM resveratrol treatment for 1 and 2 weeks.

Implications of the specific localization of YAP signaling on the epithelial patterning of circumvallate papilla.

Circumvallate papilla (CVP) is a distinctively structured with dome-shaped apex, and the surrounding trench which contains over two hundred taste buds on the lateral walls. Although CVP was extensively studied to determine the regulatory mechanisms during organogenesis, it still remains to be elucidated the principle mechanisms of signaling regulations on morphogenesis including taste buds formation. The key role of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in the regulation of organ size and cell proliferation in vertebrates is well understood, but little is known about the role of this signaling pathway in CVP development.

Facilitation of Bone Healing Processes Based on the Developmental Function of in Tooth Loss Lesion.

In the present study, we examined the bone healing capacity of , a homeobox gene that plays essential roles in the differentiation of a range of developing tissues, and identified its putative function in palatogenesis. We applied the knocking down of in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts to examine the osteogenic potential of . Additionally, we applied in vivo periodontitis induced experiment to reveal the possible application of knockdown for 1 and 2 weeks in bone healing processes.

Developmental Roles of FUSE Binding Protein 1 () in Tooth Morphogenesis.

FUSE binding protein 1 (), a regulator of the c-Myc transcription factor and a DNA/RNA-binding protein, plays important roles in the regulation of gene transcription and cellular physiology. In this study, to reveal the precise developmental function of , we examined the detailed expression pattern and developmental function of during tooth morphogenesis by RT-qPCR, in situ hybridization, and knock-down study using in vitro organ cultivation methods. In embryogenesis, is obviously expressed in the enamel organ and condensed mesenchyme, known to be important for proper tooth formation.

Stage-specific expression patterns of ER stress-related molecules in mice molars: Implications for tooth development.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a site where protein folding and posttranslational modifications occur, but when unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen, an unfolded protein response (UPR) occurs. A UPR activates ER-stress signalling genes, including inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (Ire1), activating transcription factor 6 (Atf6), and double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (Perk), to maintain homeostasis. The involvement of ER stress molecules in metabolic disease and hard tissue matrix formation has been established; however, an understanding of the role of ER-stress signalling molecules in tooth development is lacking.

Signaling Modulations of miR-206-3p in Tooth Morphogenesis.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of naturally occurring small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in organisms. Most mammalian miRNAs influence biological processes, including developmental changes, tissue morphogenesis and the maintenance of tissue identity, cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolism. The has been correlated with cancer; however, developmental roles of this miRNA are unclear.

Effects of resveratrol on bone-healing capacity in the mouse tooth extraction socket.

Background And Objective: After tooth extraction, the extraction socket undergoes several steps of soft and hard tissue healing. The healing process of the extraction socket is modulated by a range of signaling factors and biochemical agents. It has been reported that resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound, exhibits various biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant, and anti-aging effects, and protects cardiovascular and bone tissues.

Effects of oleanolic acid acetate on bone formation in an experimental periodontitis model in mice.

Objective: We evaluated the role of oleanolic acid acetate (OAA), a triterpenoid commonly used in the treatment of liver disorders, inflammatory diseases, and metastasis, in bone formation after tooth loss by periodontitis.

Background: Periodontitis causes the sequential degradation of the alveolar bone and associated structures, resulting in tooth loss. Several studies have attempted to regenerate the bone for implantation following tooth loss.

An endoplasmic reticulum stress regulator, Tmbim6, modulates secretory stage of mice molar.

To understand the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress in mice molar development, we studied Tmbim6 that antagonizes the unfolded protein response, using Tmbim6 knockout (KO) mice and in vitro organ cultivation with knocking down using small interfering RNA. During molar development, Tmbim6 is expressed in developing tooth at E14-E16, postnatal0 (PN0), and PN6. Mineral content in Tmbim6 KO enamel was reduced while dentin was slightly increased revealing ultrastructural changes in pattern formation of both enamel and dentin.

Focal localization of inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophins in a tongue chronic injury model.

Objectives: Chronic injury in tongue causes the variety of reactions in the oral cavity, frequently leading to its functional and structural disintegrity including inflammation and sensory dysfunction, but its detailed profiles were not elucidated yet. One of the chronically injured tongue such as tongue piercing, as a pathological aspect, is currently popular among younger people but may be associated with severe side effects, leading to pathophysiological complications. However, the pathophysiological aspects and related cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tongue injury are not clearly understood.

TRIB2 regulates the differentiation of MLL-TET1 transduced myeloid progenitor cells.

The function and mechanism of action of MLL-TET1 (MT1) fusion protein in hematological cells are unclear and require further investigation. In the present study, we found that the MT1 fusion protein attenuated the expression of Cebpa, Csf1r, and Cd11b and inhibited the differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells. Increased binding of the MT1 fusion protein to the Trib2 promoter upregulated Trib2 mRNA and protein expression and downregulated Cebpa expression.

Gene profiling involved in fate determination of salivary gland type in mouse embryogenesis.

Salivary gland (SG) development involves dynamic epithelial-mesenchymal interactions resulting in the formation of highly branched epithelial structures that produce and secrete saliva. The SG epithelium differentiates into saliva-producing terminal buds, i.e.