Automated Detection of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Using OCT Imaging via Explainable Deep Learning.

Objective: To demonstrate the capability of a deep learning model to detect central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), a retinal pathology with significant clinical urgency, using OCT data.

Design: Retrospective, external validation study analyzing OCT and clinical baseline data of 2 institutions via deep learning classification analysis.

Subjects: Patients presenting to the University Medical Center Tübingen and the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf in Germany.

National review of end-of-life care withdrawal guidelines for non-invasive advanced respiratory support using document analysis.

Objectives: This study aims to understand the breadth of practice around end-of-life withdrawal of non-invasive advanced respiratory support (encompassing both continuous positive airway pressure and non-invasive ventilation) by analysing NHS-published guidelines and guidance for clinicians. This study seeks validity in the guidelines through a confluence of findings and reassurance of practice despite having little to no high-quality research to inform the content of the guidelines. Ultimately, where discordance is found between guidelines, there will be a strong mandate for future research.

Two-Year Results of XEN Gel Stent Implantation for Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma in Phakic versus Pseudophakic Eyes.

: To investigate whether phakia affects the outcome of XEN-45 gel stent implantation in the treatment of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG). : A retrospective, comparative cohort study of 30 phakic and 55 pseudophakic PXG patients who received the XEN-45 gel stent at a tertiary centre. The primary outcome measure was two-year success defined as a ≥20% lowering of intraocular pressure (IOP) and a target IOP of 6-21 mmHg.

Pharmacological Gq inhibition induces strong pulmonary vasorelaxation and reverses pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease with limited survival. Herein, we propose the pharmacological inhibition of Gq proteins as a novel concept to counteract pulmonary vasoconstriction and proliferation/migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in PAH. We demonstrate that the specific pan-Gq inhibitor FR900359 (FR) induced a strong vasorelaxation in large and small pulmonary arteries in mouse, pig, and human subjects ex vivo.

Site-specific genetic and functional signatures of aortic endothelial cells at aneurysm predilection sites in healthy and AngII ApoE mice.

Aortic aneurysm is characterized by a pathological dilation at specific predilection sites of the vessel and potentially results in life-threatening vascular rupture. Herein, we established a modified "Häutchen method" for the local isolation of endothelial cells (ECs) from mouse aorta to analyze their spatial heterogeneity and potential role in site-specific disease development. When we compared ECs from aneurysm predilection sites of healthy mice with adjacent control segments we found regulation of genes related to extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis and inflammation, all pathways playing a critical role in aneurysm development.

XEN45 gel stent in the treatment of pigmentary glaucoma: A two-year follow-up.

Purpose: To investigate safety and efficacy of the XEN gel stent in patients with pigmentary glaucoma (PG).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 26 eyes of 19 patients with PG undergoing XEN gel stent implantation was performed. Best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and number of antiglaucoma medications were analyzed preoperatively, and at 2 weeks and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery.

Early REperfusion therapy with intravenous alteplase for recovery of VISION in acute central retinal artery occlusion (REVISION): Study protocol of a phase III trial.

Rationale: Meta-analyses of case series of non-arteritic central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) indicate beneficial effects of intravenous thrombolysis when initiated early after symptom onset. Randomized data are lacking to address this question.

Aims: The REperfusion therapy with intravenous alteplase for recovery of VISION in acute central retinal artery occlusion (REVISION) investigates intravenous alteplase within 4.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRAUMATIC RETINAL DETACHMENT AFTER OPEN AND CLOSED GLOBE INJURIES IN CHILDREN.

Purpose: Pediatric traumatic retinal detachment (RD) resulting from open globe injuries (OGIs) or closed globe injuries (CGIs) presents unique challenges due to complexity often resulting in lifelong sequelae. This study compares pediatric traumatic RD outcomes and prognostic factors following OGI and CGI.

Methods: A retrospective analysis reviewed 47 cases of pediatric traumatic RD in children (age <18 years), who underwent RD surgery between 2002 and 2021.

Synthesis of biologically active Shiga toxins in cell-free systems.

Shiga toxins (Stx) produced by pathogenic bacteria can cause mild to severe diseases in humans. Thus, the analysis of such toxins is of utmost importance. As an AB toxin, Stx consist of a catalytic A-subunit acting as a ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) and a B-pentamer binding domain.

Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies bind to the H protein of a historical measles virus.

Measles is a highly contagious airborne viral disease. It can lead to serious complications and death and is preventable by vaccination. The live-attenuated measles vaccine (LAMV) derived from a measles virus (MV) isolated in 1954 has been in use globally for six decades and protects effectively by providing a durable humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

Incidence of central retinal artery occlusion peaks in winter season.

Introduction: Stroke incidence exhibits seasonal trends, with the highest occurrences observed during winter. This study investigates the incidence of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), a stroke equivalent of the retina, and explores its monthly and seasonal variations, as well as potential associations with weather and ambient air pollutants.

Methods: A retrospective search of medical records spanning 15 years (January 2008-December 2022) was conducted at the University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Germany, focusing on diagnosed cases of CRAO.

Comparing the quality of ChatGPT- and physician-generated responses to patients' dermatology questions in the electronic medical record.

Background: ChatGPT is a free artificial intelligence (AI)-based natural language processing tool that generates complex responses to inputs from users.

Objectives: To determine whether ChatGPT is able to generate high-quality responses to patient-submitted questions in the patient portal.

Methods: Patient-submitted questions and the corresponding responses from their dermatology physician were extracted from the electronic medical record for analysis.

Effect of elevated irrigation bottle height during cataract surgery on corneal endothelial cells in porcine eyes.

Background: Cataract surgery induces corneal endothelial cell loss (ECL). This study investigates the relationship between bottle height (BH) and ECL induced due to irrigation and aspiration (I/A) in cataract surgery and quantifies protective effects of intraoperatively used ophthalmic viscoelastic substances.

Methods: Intermittent I/A without phacoemulsification was performed in porcine eyes for 10 min with varying BHs of 100 cm (BH100), 125 cm (BH125), 150 cm (BH150) or no treatment (control, no I/A).

Response to "The opinion of French pulmonologists and palliative care physicians on non-invasive ventilation during palliative sedation at end of life: a nationwide survey''.

We have several major concerns about this article [Guastella et al 2021]. Although it states that it is about palliative sedation, it is not. Rather, it is about the French Claeys Leonetti Law about Continuous Deep Sedation (CDS) at the end of life [Loi n°2016-87].

Combined use of magnetic microbeads for endothelial cell isolation and enhanced cell engraftment in myocardial repair.

The regenerative potential of the heart after injury is limited. Therefore, cell replacement strategies have been developed. However, the engraftment of transplanted cells in the myocardium is very inefficient.

Imaging of Gα Proteins in Mouse and Human Organs and Tissues.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transfer extracellular signals across cell membranes by activating intracellular heterotrimeric G proteins. Several studies suggested G proteins as novel drug targets for the treatment of complex diseases, e.g.

The endocannabinoid anandamide is an airway relaxant in health and disease.

Chronic obstructive airway diseases are a global medical burden that is expected to increase in the near future. However, the underlying mechanistic processes are poorly understood so far. Herein, we show that the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) induces prominent airway relaxation in vitro and in vivo.

The O-GlcNAc cycling in neurodevelopment and associated diseases.

Proper neuronal development is essential to growth and adult brain function. Alterations at any step of this highly organized sequence of events, due to genetic mutations or environmental factors, triggers brain malformations, which are leading causes of diseases including epilepsy, intellectual disabilities, and many others. The role of glycosylation in neuronal development has been emphasized for many years, notably in studying human congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs).

Non-invasive advanced respiratory support in end-of-life care and symptom management: systematic review.

Objectives: To narrate the canon of knowledge around symptom control at end of life for patients using, or having recently used, non-invasive advanced respiratory support (NARS) at end of life for respiratory failure.

Methods: A systematic review forming a narrative synthesis from a wide range of sample papers from Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Emcare, Cochrane and OpenGrey databases. A secondary search of grey literature was also performed with hand searching reference lists and author citations.

The Use of Mechanical Ventilation Support at the End of Life in Motor Neurone Disease/Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Scoping Review.

There has been an increase in the use of mechanical ventilation (MV) in motor neurone disease (MND) to alleviate symptoms related to hypoventilation. Little is known about its use at the end of life, and the withdrawal of MV is a challenging topic. A scoping review was conducted to map the existing evidence of ventilation use at the end of life in MND.