Physiological liver microtissue 384-well microplate system for preclinical hepatotoxicity assessment of therapeutic small molecule drugs.

Hepatotoxicity can lead to the discontinuation of approved or investigational drugs. The evaluation of the potential hepatoxicity of drugs in development is challenging because current models assessing this adverse effect are not always predictive of the outcome in human beings. Cell lines are routinely used for early hepatotoxicity screening, but to improve the detection of potential hepatotoxicity, in vitro models that better reflect liver morphology and function are needed.

Safety of the Immediate Reconstitution of Poly-l-Lactic Acid for Facial and Body Treatment-A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background: Poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA-SCA; Sculptra) was approved in 1999 in Europe and 2004 in United States as a collagen biostimulator. It is a freeze-dried preparation containing 150 mg PLLA-SCA per vial and, since approval, has been recommended to be reconstituted 72 h before treatment, which can hinder its use in clinical practice. In 2021, the manufacturer authorized the reconstitution of PLLA-SCA immediately before use.

[Reform proposal "Occasional surgical oncology" : Medical strategic analysis and ramifications of the draft bill within the framework of the Hospital Treatment Improvement Act (KHVVG) from the perspective of a university hospital].

Background: Cancer remains the second most common cause of death in Germany. Performance management and specialization concepts in medicine have the potential to positively influence the care and chances of survival of patients.

Objective: From the perspective of the University Hospital Freiburg (UKF), the legislative initiative within the framework of the Hospital Treatment Improvement Act (KHVVG) results in a number of medical strategic implications.

Primary decompressive craniectomy in patients with large intracerebral hematomas due to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) can alleviate increased intracranial pressure in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with concomitant space-occupying intracerebral hemorrhage, but also carries a high risk for complications. We studied outcomes and complications of DC at time of ruptured aneurysm repair.

Methods: Of 47 patients treated between 2010 and 2020, 30 underwent DC during aneurysm repair and hematoma evacuation and 17 did not.

Longitudinal cosmetic outcome after planned IORT boost with low kV X-rays-monocentric results from the TARGIT BQR registry.

Background: Intraoperative radiotherapy can serve as an anticipated boost (IORT boost) in combination with a subsequent external whole breast irradiation in high-risk breast cancer patients and is part of many guidelines. Nevertheless, there are only few prospective data available regarding cosmetic outcome after IORT boost using kV X-rays. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cosmetic outcome of patients treated within the prospective phase IV TARGeted Intraoperative radioTherapy (TARGIT) Boost Quality Registry (BQR) study (NCT01440010) in one center.

Organization of descending neurons in the brain of the desert locust.

In most animals, multiple external and internal signals are integrated by the brain, transformed and, finally, transmitted as commands to motor centers. In insects, the central complex is a motor control center in the brain, involved in decision-making and goal-directed navigation. In desert locusts, it encodes celestial cues in a compass-like fashion indicating a role in sky-compass navigation.

Scalp Reconstruction Using the Latissimus Dorsi Free Flap: A 12-Year Experience.

Background: Complex scalp defects are regularly reconstructed using microvascular tissue transfer. The latissimus dorsi free flap is one of the workhorse flaps used in scalp reconstruction. These cases necessitate, particularly in the elderly, a close cooperation between plastic surgeons and neurosurgeons.

Validation of the German version of the subarachnoid haemorrhage outcome tool (SAHOT).

Objective: The subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) outcome tool (SAHOT) is the first SAH-specific patient reported outcome measure, and was developed in the UK. We aimed to validate the SAHOT outside the UK, and therefore endeavored to adapt the SAHOT into German and to test its psychometric properties.

Methods: We adapted and pilot tested the German version.

Doppler Ultrasound-Guided Filler Injections: Useful Tips to Integrate Ultrasound in Daily Practice.

The development of high-frequency devices and transducers in recent years has enabled the growth of the use of dermatologic ultrasound. Real-time monitoring of the anatomy of the face during the application of aesthetic injectables potentially prevents complications such as vascular occlusions. Injecting physicians starting out in the practice of ultrasound-guided injections are commonly faced with practical questions about its use.

Prospective Comparison of Hypofractionated Versus Normofractionated Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer: Late Toxicity Results of the Non-Inferiority KOSIMA Trial (ARO2010-3).

Purpose: To compare the late toxicity profile of hypofractionation and normofractionation for whole-breast radiotherapy in breast cancer (BC) patients after conserving surgery.

Methods: Sixty-year-old or older patients with pTis-pT3, pN0-pN1a, M0 BC were recruited and stratified to hypofractionated (arm R-HF) or normofractionated (arm L-NF) intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), for right- and left-sided BC, respectively, in this single-center, non-randomized, non-inferiority trial. A boost was allowed if indicated.

Long-Term Outcomes of an International Cooperative Study of Intraoperative Radiotherapy Upfront Boost With Low Energy X-Rays in Breast Cancer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectivity of upfront kilovoltage intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) as a boost in high-risk early-stage breast cancer patients from an international pooled cohort.

Materials/methods: Patients from four centers in three different countries were retrospectively screened. Those with a minimum 1-year follow-up were included.

Radiotherapy and newly approved cancer drugs - A quantitative analysis of registered protocols for drugs approved for the treatment of solid tumors.

Background/purpose: To evaluate the usage of RT in trial protocols for anti-cancer drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Methods: Drugs which had been granted an FDA approval between 2010 and 2017 for the treatment of solid tumors in adults were identified. Use of RT in relation to each drug's approval date was reviewed on ClinicalTrials.

Molecular features of glioblastomas in long-term survivors compared to short-term survivors-a matched-pair analysis.

Background: Although glioblastoma (GB) is associated with a devastating prognosis, a small proportion of patients achieve long-term survival rates. We herein present a matched-pair analysis of molecular factors found in long- and short-term survivors (LTS, STS).

Methods: We performed a cross-institutional analysis of 262 patient records and matched a group of 91 LTS (≥ 3 years) with two groups of STS (STS-1, n = 91; STS-2, n = 80).

Dosimetric benefits of daily treatment plan adaptation for prostate cancer stereotactic body radiotherapy.

Background: Hypofractionation is increasingly being applied in radiotherapy for prostate cancer, requiring higher accuracy of daily treatment deliveries than in conventional image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). Different adaptive radiotherapy (ART) strategies were evaluated with regard to dosimetric benefits.

Methods: Treatments plans for 32 patients were retrospectively generated and analyzed according to the PACE-C trial treatment scheme (40 Gy in 5 fractions).

Designing Shape Morphing Behavior through Local Programming of Mechanical Metamaterials.

Shape morphing implicates that a specific condition leads to a morphing reaction. The material thus transforms from one shape to another in a predefined manner. In this paper, not only the target shape but rather the evolution of the material's shape as a function of the applied strain is programmed.

[Subjective well-being and ability to work of hospital staff after SARS-CoV2 immunization with the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2].

Background:  Since December 27, 2020, employees of the health system in Germany have been vaccinated against the SARS coronavirus-2 with the vaccine BNT162B2. Initial observations show that especially among younger vaccinated people side effects are common. In this study, using the example of clinic employees, the self-perceived well-being after the first and second dose of the vaccine was examined.

Intracellular Delivery of Doxorubicin by Iron Oxide-Based Nano-Constructs Increases Clonogenic Inactivation of Ionizing Radiation in HeLa Cells.

In this study, we determined the potential of polyethylene glycol-encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) for the intracellular delivery of the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (IONP) to enhance the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation. The biological effects of IONP and X-ray irradiation (50 kV and 6 MV) were determined in HeLa cells using the colony formation assay (CFA) and detection of γH2AX foci. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

New clinical and biological insights from the international TARGIT-A randomised trial of targeted intraoperative radiotherapy during lumpectomy for breast cancer.

Background: The TARGIT-A trial reported risk-adapted targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT-IORT) during lumpectomy for breast cancer to be as effective as whole-breast external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Here, we present further detailed analyses.

Methods: In total, 2298 women (≥45 years, invasive ductal carcinoma ≤3.

Gene Expression Profiles Reveal Extracellular Matrix and Inflammatory Signaling in Radiation-Induced Premature Differentiation of Human Fibroblast .

Purpose: Fibroblasts are considered to play a major role in the development of fibrotic reaction after radiotherapy and premature radiation-induced differentiation has been proposed as a cellular basis. The purpose was to relate gene expression profiles to radiation-induced phenotypic changes of human skin fibroblasts relevant for radiogenic fibrosis.

Materials And Methods: Exponentially growing or confluent human skin fibroblast strains were irradiated with 1-3 fractions of 4 Gy X-rays.