This article reviews the role of different types of T lymphocyte subpopulations in pathological cardiac fibrosis remodeling. T helper 17 (Th17) cells are implicated in promoting the development of pathological cardiac fibrosis remodeling, while regulatory T (Treg) cells exert an immunosuppressive functions as negative regulators, attributing to their interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion and functional phenotype. Th1 and Th2 cells are involved in different stages of the inflammatory response in pathological cardiac fibrosis remodeling, and their influence varies according to the pathological mechanisms of different cardiac diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis review discusses the functionalization strategies of ZIF-8 and challenges and future developments in ZIF-8-based platforms for drug delivery and cancer therapy. We systematically evaluate a series of innovative ZIF-8 functionalization methods, including atomic doping, introduction of targeting molecules, and biomimetic mineralization technology, to achieve precise drug release. These functionalization strategies significantly enhance the targeted delivery and controlled release properties of ZIF-8, broaden the diversity of drug delivery systems, maximize therapeutic effects, and minimize systemic toxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Electrochemiluminescence (ECL), as a unique and powerful analytical technique, has been widely used in various fields. The determination of ECL spectra plays a crucial role in understanding ECL reaction mechanisms and conducting spectra-resolved ECL analysis. ECL intensity is typically detected using a photomultiplier tube, which offers high sensitivity for detecting extremely weak light signals but does not allow for spectral identification.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElectrochemiluminescence (ECL) is widely used in various fields due to its high sensitivity and controllable characteristics. Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as promising ECL emitters due to their simple synthesis, low toxicity, and excellent biocompatibility. However, the practical application of many CDs emitters is hindered by their limited luminous efficiency, often necessitating additional coreactants to enhance the ECL signal intensity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
July 2024
J Hepatocell Carcinoma
June 2024
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as the prevailing form of primary liver cancer, characterized by a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. A pivotal factor in HCC tumorigenesis is epigenetics, specifically the regulation of gene expression through methylation. This process relies significantly on the action of proteins that modify methylation, including methyltransferases, their associated binding proteins, and demethylases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are pivotal within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and recently, have attracted intensive attention for cancer treatment. However, concurrently to promote TAMs repolarization and phagocytosis of cancer cells remains challenging. Here, a TAMs-targeted albumin nanoparticles-based delivery system (M@SINPs) was constructed for the co-delivery of photosensitizer IR820 and SHP2 inhibitor SHP099 to potentiate macrophage-mediated cancer immunotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and its morbidity is increasing worldwide due to increasing prevalence. Metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer and serves a role in cancer progression. Glucose, lipids and amino acids are three major components whose altered metabolism can directly affect the energy production of cells, including liver cancer cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: To investigate the cardioprotective mechanism of exercise or exercise combined with inducible costimulatory molecules (ICOS) monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac remodeling.
Main Methods: Totally 24 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (normal saline treatment), ISO group (subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol, 10 mg/kg/day, once daily for 5 consecutive days), the exercise with subcutaneous ISO injection group (EPI), and the exercise with injected with ISO and ICOS mAb group (EPII). The mice in EPI and EPII group were trained on a small animal treadmill for 4 weeks (13 m/min, 0% grade, 60min/day).
A novel and efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing strategy and a solid-state ECL sensor was proposed to detect trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), which is widely presented in marine species and has important physiological functions. TMAO was reduced by Fe(II)-EDTA complex to trimethylamine, acting as coreactant, to amplify the ECL response of the Ru (bpy) system. To improve the detection sensitivity and efficiency, a robust solid-state ECL probe was prepared and a flow injection ECL detection system was established with a specially designed flow ECL unit, under the excitation of stepping pulse potentials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElectrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a light-emitting process which combines the intriguing merits of both electrochemical and chemiluminescent methods. It is an extensively used method especially in clinical analysis and biological research due to its high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, and good reliability. ECL devices are critical for the development and applications of ECL.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe find that luminol can react with artemisinin (ART) to produce chemiluminescence (CL) in the absence of a catalyst and ascorbic acid (AA) can quench luminol-ART CL. Based on its efficient inhibition effect on luminol-ART CL, a new AA detection method is established. The calibration curve for the determination of AA is in the linear range of 5 × 10 M to 1 × 10 M with a detection limit of 50 nM, which is more sensitive than many other reported methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIon-selective electrodes (ISEs) are widely used analytical devices to selectively measure ionic species. Despite significant advances in recent years, ion-selective membranes are still mostly prepared in the same manner, by preloading the selective components into a solvent that is subsequently cast into a membrane or film. This paper describes an alternative method to prepare ISE membranes by mass transfer of the sensing components from an emulsion phase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPotentiometric probes used in direct potentiometry are attractive sensing tools. They give information on ion activities, which is often uniquely useful. If, instead, concentrations are desired as sensor output, the ionic strength of the sample must be precisely known, which is often not possible.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
February 2020
The design of solid-state reference electrodes without a liquid junction is important to allow miniature and cost-effective electrochemical sensors. To address this, a pulse control is proposed using an Ag/AgI element as reliable solid-state reference electrode. It involves the local release of iodide by a cathodic current that is immediately followed by an electromotive force (EMF) measurement that serves as the reference potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFabricating simple, accurate and user-friendly diagnostic device for "point of care testing" (POCT) applications is one of the most challenging objectives in the analytical field. Hemin detection is important for drugs monitoring, diagnosis, and forensic latent bloodstain imaging. Herein is developed, luminol chemiluminescence biosensor for hemin detection using artesunate as coreactant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe introduce here a general strategy to read out chronopotentiometric sensors by electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL). The potentials generated in chronopotentiometry in a sample compartment are used to control the ECL in a separate detection compartment. A three-electrode cell is used to monitor the concentration changes of the analyte, while the luminol-HO system is responsible for ECL.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraditional electrodes for stripping analysis generally have narrow electrochemical window, require the modification of electrode or the addition of additional ions. To solve these problems, stainless steel has been used as the electrode for electrochemical stripping analysis for the first time. Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) has been used for the detection of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Hg.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe authors describe the first chemiluminescence (CL) based method for determination of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). PLP is found to generate intense CL with lucigenin higher than that of the conventional lucigenin-HO system by a factor of about 9.0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeveloping low-cost and simple electrochemical systems is becoming increasingly important but still challenged for multiplex experiments. Here we report a single-electrode electrochemical system (SEES) using only one electrode not only for a single experiment but also for multiplex experiments based on a resistance induced potential difference. SEESs for a single experiment and multiplex experiments are fabricated by attaching a self-adhesive label with a hole and multiple holes onto an ITO electrode, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF1,3-Dihydroxyacetone, a common cosmetic material and food additive, has been successfully explored as an efficient electrochemiluminescence coreactant of Ru(bpy) for the first time. It is about 25 times more effective than the well-known coreactant sodium oxalate. The high electrochemiluminescence efficiency allows sensitive detection of 1,3-dihydroxyacetone without any derivatization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElectrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) application of stainless steel, a robust and cost-effective material, has been developed for the first time. Type 304 stainless steel electrode shows appealing ECL performance in the luminol-HO system. It enables the detection of HO with a linear range from 1 to 1000 nM and a limit of detection of 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFForensic luminol chemiluminescence test is one of the most sensitive and popular methods for the determination of latent bloodstains. It mainly uses hydrogen peroxide or sodium perborate as coreactants. The easy decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate in the presence of many ions significantly affects the selectivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this work, we designed highly sensitive and selective luminescent detection method for alkaline phosphatase using bovine serum albumin functionalized gold nanoclusters (BSA-AuNCs) as the nanosensor probe and pyridoxal phosphate as the substrate of alkaline phosphatase. We found that pyridoxal phosphate can quench the fluorescence of BSA-AuNCs and pyridoxal has little effect on the fluorescence of BSA-AuNCs. The proposed mechanism of fluorescence quenching by PLP was explored on the basis of data obtained from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence decay time measurements and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe development of novel coreactants for chemiluminescence is very important to improve performance and widen its applications without using any other catalyst. N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), a highly popular amine-reactive, activating, or protecting reagent in biochemical applications and organic synthesis, has been explored as an efficient and stable chemiluminescence coreactant for the first time. The chemiluminescence intensity of the newly developed luminol-NHS system is about 22 times higher than that of the traditional luminol-HO system.
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