Three New Species of from East and Northeast China.

species are ubiquitous in the environment and are of substantial importance, especially in industrial and medical aspects. During our investigation of the biodiversity of , three new species were discovered in soil samples collected from East and Northeast China. They were determined as new to science based on morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses, and were found to belong to the subgenus section and subgenus sections and .

Disulfide bridge-targeted metabolome mining unravels an antiparkinsonian peptide.

Peptides are a particular molecule class with inherent attributes of some small-molecule drugs and macromolecular biologics, thereby inspiring continuous searches for peptides with therapeutic and/or agrochemical potentials. However, the success rate is decreasing, presumably because many interesting but less-abundant peptides are so scarce or labile that they are likely 'overlooked' during the characterization effort. Here, we present the biochemical characterization and druggability improvement of an unprecedented minor fungal RiPP (ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide), named acalitide, by taking the relevant advantages of metabolomics approach and disulfide-bridged substructure which is more frequently imprinted in the marketed peptide drug molecules.

Species Diversity of in Southwest China with Discovery of Forty-Three New Species.

species are ubiquitous in all kinds of environments, and they are of industrial, agricultural and clinical importance. In this study, soil fungal diversity in Southwestern China was investigated, and that of turned out to be unexpectedly high. The survey included a total of 179 cultures of the genus isolated from 33 soil samples.

BV01 Has Broad-Spectrum Biocontrol Potential and the Ability to Promote Plant Growth.

To evaluate the potential of a bacterial strain as a fungal disease control agent and plant growth promoter, its inhibitory effects on phytopathogens such as , , , , . , , , and were investigated. The results showed that the inhibitory rates in dual-culture and sterile filtrate assays against these eight phytopathogens ranged from 57% to 83% and from 36% to 92%.

Seven New Species of Eurotiales (Ascomycota) Isolated from Tidal Flat Sediments in China.

Tidal flats have been reported to contain many microorganisms and play a critical role in maintaining biodiversity. In surveys of filamentous fungi from tidal flat sediments in China, seven new species of Eurotiales were discovered and described. Morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analyses of combined datasets of the , , and regions support their placements and recognition as new species.

Channel Prediction-Based Security Authentication for Artificial Intelligence of Things.

The emerging physical-layer unclonable attribute-aided authentication (PLUA) schemes are capable of outperforming traditional isolated approaches, with the advantage of having reliable fingerprints. However, conventional PLUA methods face new challenges in artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) applications owing to their limited flexibility. These challenges arise from the distributed nature of AIoT devices and the involved information, as well as the requirement for short end-to-end latency.

New Species of (Ascomycota) from China as Evidenced by Morphological and Molecular Data.

Species of are commonly found in soil, plant debris, and living woody or herbaceous substrates and occasionally found in water and air. Some species are reported as saprobes, endophytes, opportunistic pathogens of plants and animals, or producers of bioactive natural products, cytotoxic compounds, and industrial enzymes. To reveal the species diversity of , specimens from different provinces of China were investigated.

Species Diversity of Clade (Pezizales, Ascomycota) in China and Description of Sixteen New Species.

and its allies are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and perform important functions in ecosystems. A comprehensive study on 101 collections of , including those deposited in four Chinese fungaria or collected recently from 10 provinces, was conducted based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Phylogenies of " clade" inferred from Hsp90, ITS, LSU, and TEF were reconstructed with 49 lineages recognized, of which 25 lineages occurred in China, and each represented an individual species.

Three New Species of (Hypocreales) from China.

To explore the species diversity of the genus , specimens from Henan, Hubei and Jiangsu Provinces in China are examined, and three undescribed taxa are encountered. The morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analyses of the combined , ITS, LSU, and regions support their placement in and their recognition as new species. sp.

Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of the Family (, ).

Species of are common macrofungi with a worldwide distribution. Some of them are commercially consumed, while a few others are reported as poisonous. Two genera were accepted in the family: the epigeous Gyromitra with discoid, cerebriform to saddle-shaped ascomata and the hypogeous Hydnotrya with globose or tuberous ascomata.

Spirocitrinols A and B, citrinin derivatives with a spiro[chromane-2,3'-isochromane] skeleton from .

Spirocitrinols A (1) and B (2), two new citrinin-derived metabolites possessing a spiro[chromane-2,3'-isochromane] skeleton, were isolated from cultures of . Their structures were elucidated primarily by NMR experiments. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were assigned by electronic circular dichroism calculations.

Lachnochromonin, a fungal metabolite from Lachnum virgineum, inhibits cell growth and promotes apoptosis in tumor cells through JAK/STAT3 signaling.

Natural compounds that interfere with tumor cell growth have potential to be used as therapeutic agents to treat cancers. Lachnochromonin (p71) is a small molecule isolated from Lachnum virgineum. Here, we reported the effect of p71 on human tumor cells, especially on breast cancer MCF-7 cells.

New Species of () from China.

Species of commonly occur on living and decaying woody substrates, soil, fruitbodies of other fungi, and insects. Some of them are reported as endophytes, opportunistic pathogens of crops and humans, or producers of mycotoxins. To explore the species diversity of the family, specimens from different regions of China were collected and examined.

Three New Species of (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) from China.

Three new species of are introduced based on specimens collected from China. sp. nov.

Additions to the Knowledge of the Genus (Dermateaceae, Helotiales, Ascomycota) in China.

We describe two new species of (Dermateaceae, Ascomycota), and , which are discovered in China. sp. nov.

New Species of (Trichocomaceae, Eurotiales) from Southwestern China.

Species of are cosmopolitan and ubiquitous, and some are of industrial and medicinal importance. Species of have been successively reported in China. During our examinations of samples collected from southwestern China, two new species belonging to sect.

Nanopore sequencing of full rRNA operon improves resolution in mycobiome analysis and reveals high diversity in both human gut and environments.

High-throughput sequencing has substantially improved our understanding of fungal diversity. However, the short read (<500 bp) length of current second-generation sequencing approaches provides limited taxonomic and phylogenetic resolution for species discrimination. Longer sequences containing more information are highly desired to provide greater taxonomic resolution.

New Species of (Aspergillaceae) from Tropical Islands of China.

species are cosmopolitan and ubiquitous, closely related to human daily life. They are also of food, industrial and medical importance. From the examination of cultures isolated from soil samples collected on tropical islands of China, four new species of the genus were discovered based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological comparisons.

MAPK Cascades Mediating Biocontrol Activity of Strain TC967.

strain TC967 is a novel biological control agent (BCA) against the plant pathogen and promotes plant growth. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in a variety of physiological functions of , but functions of each MAPK in regulating biocontrol have not been characterized in a single strain. In this study, we assembled and annotated the genome of strain TC967 and identified its three MAPK gene sequences.

Distribution, Function, and Evolution of a Gene Essential for Trichothecene Toxin Biosynthesis in .

Trichothecenes are terpenoid toxins produced by species in 10 fungal genera, including species of . The trichothecene biosynthetic gene () cluster typically includes the gene, which encodes a terpene synthase that catalyzes formation of trichodiene, the parent compound of all trichothecenes. The two species, and , that have been examined are unique in that is located outside the cluster in a genomic region that does not include other known genes.

Heterologous expression of a single fungal HR-PKS leads to the formation of diverse 2-alkenyl-tetrahydropyrans in model fungi.

2-Alkenyl-tetrahydropyrans belong to a rare class of natural products that exhibit broad antifungal activities. Their structural instability and rareness in nature have restrained their discovery and drug development. In this study, the heterologous expression of a single highly reducing polyketide synthase (HR-PKS, App1) from in leads to the formation of seven 2-alkenyl-tetrahydropyran derivatives including one known compound virensol C (1) and six new compounds (2-7).

Comparative molecular evolution of chitinases in ascomycota with emphasis on mycoparasitism lifestyle.

Chitinases are involved in multiple aspects of fungal life cycle, such as cell wall remodelling, chitin degradation and mycoparasitism lifestyle. To improve our knowledge of the chitinase molecular evolution of Ascomycota, the gene family of 72 representatives of this phylum was identified and subjected to phylogenetic, evolution trajectory and selective pressure analyses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the chitinase gene family size and enzyme types varied significantly, along with species evolution, especially for groups B and C.

New Species of (Fungi) Isolated from Soil in Southwestern China.

Southwestern China belongs among the global biodiversity hotspots and the Daba Mountains are recognized as one of the priority conservation areas. During the exploration of fungal biodiversity from soil samples collected from Mount Daba, two species of were discovered as new to science based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological comparisons. sp.

Ascomycetes from the Qilian Mountains, China - Hypocreales.

To investigate fungi from the Qilian Mountains in Gansu Province, ascomycetous specimens were collected and hypocrealean fungi were examined. Eighteen species belonging to six genera in the families Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae were identified, including 11 species of and in Hypocreaceae and seven species of , , , and in Nectriaceae. Among them, and are new to science.