A novel approach to evaluation of tumor response for advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma using the intertumoral heterogeneity response score.

Treatment response and prognosis estimation in advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma are challenged by the significant heterogeneity of the disease. The current Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria, despite providing a basis for solid tumor response evaluation, do not fully encompass this heterogeneity. To better represent these nuances, we introduce the intertumoral heterogeneity response score (THRscore), a measure built upon and expanding the RECIST criteria.

CAV1 Protein Encapsulated in Mouse BMSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Alleviates Myocardial Fibrosis Following Myocardial Infarction by Blocking the TGF-β1/SMAD2/c-JUN Axis.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) convey the CAV1 protein, influencing the TGF-β1/SMAD2/c-JUN pathway and thus the molecular mechanisms underlying myocardial fibrosis (MF) post-myocardial infarction (MI). Through various experimental methods, including transmission electron microscopy, Nanosight analysis, Western blot, ELISA, and qRT-PCR, we isolated, purified, and identified EVs originating from mBMSCs. Bioinformatics and experimental findings show a reduced expression of CAV1 in myocardial fibrosis tissue.

Advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors induced-cardiotoxicity.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are approved as the first-line drug for treating many cancers and has shown significant survival benefits; however, it also causes immune-related adverse events (irAEs) while activating the immune system, involving multiple organs. Among them, cardiovascular immune-related adverse events (CV-irAE) are rare, but common causes of death in ICIs treated cancer patients, which manifest as myocardial, pericardial, vascular and other cardiovascular toxicities. Therefore, it is important that irAEs, especially CV-irAE should be carefully recognized and monitored during the whole ICIs treatment because early detection and treatment of CV-irAE can significantly reduce the mortality of such patients.

CD8 T cell/cancer-associated fibroblast ratio stratifies prognostic and predictive responses to immunotherapy across multiple cancer types.

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) are critical for immune suppression by restricting immune cell infiltration in the tumor stromal zones from penetrating tumor islands and changing their function status, particularly for CD8 T cells. However, assessing and quantifying the impact of CAFs on immune cells and investigating how this impact is related to clinical outcomes, especially the efficacy of immunotherapy, remain unclear.

Materials And Methods: The TME was characterized using immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis using a large-scale sample size of gene expression profiles.

Computed tomography-based radiomics quantification predicts epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status and efficacy of first-line targeted therapy in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Biomarkers that predict the efficacy of first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are pivotal in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Imaging-based biomarkers have attracted much attention in anticancer therapy. This study aims to use the machine learning method to distinguish EGFR mutation status and further explores the predictive role of EGFR mutation-related radiomics features in response to first-line TKIs.

The Mechanism of Wnt Pathway Regulated by Telocytes to Promote the Regeneration and Repair of Intrauterine Adhesions.

Background: Telocytes (TCs), a novel interstitial cell type in the reproductive tract, participating in pathophysiology of intrauterine adhesions (IUA). This study further investigates the hypothesis that TCs, a source of Wnt, promote the regeneration and repair of IUA.

Methods: RNA sequencing datasets of IUA patient (GSE160633) and mouse intestine mesenchymal cells (GSE94072) in GEO database were analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) measured indicated gene expression in TC-educated endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and noneducated ESCs and verified the results of data mining from GEO database.

Comprehensive Characterization of the Genomic Landscape in Chinese Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors Reveals Prognostic and Therapeutic Markers (CSWOG-1901).

Background: Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) include typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). The optimal treatment strategy for each subtype remains elusive, partly due to the lack of comprehensive understanding of their molecular features. We aimed to explore differential genomic signatures in pNET subtypes and identify potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers.

Clinical and genomic features of Chinese lung cancer patients with germline mutations.

The germline mutation landscape in Chinese lung cancer patients has not been well defined. In this study, sequencing data of 1,021 cancer genes of 1,794 Chinese lung cancer patients was analyzed. A total of 111 pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline mutations were identified, significantly higher than non-cancer individuals (111/1794 vs.

Role of PG0192 and PG0193 in the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages in response to Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Porphyromonas gingivalis is the main pathogen of chronic periodontitis. However, the specific mechanisms through which P. gingivalis induces immune and inflammatory responses in periodontitis have not been completely elucidated.

MSCs-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Carrying miR-212-5p Alleviate Myocardial Infarction-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis via NLRC5/VEGF/TGF-β1/SMAD Axis.

The purpose of the present study was to define the role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the progression of myocardial infarction (MI)-induced cardiac fibrosis. An in vitro cell model of hypoxia-induced cardiac fibrosis was constructed in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). miR-212-5p was poorly expressed in clinical pathological samples and animal models of cardiac fibrosis caused by MI, while miR-212-5p expression was enriched in EVs released from MSCs.

Silencing CircHIPK3 Sponges miR-93-5p to Inhibit the Activation of Rac1/PI3K/AKT Pathway and Improves Myocardial Infarction-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction.

The ceRNA network involving circular RNAs (circRNAs) is essential in the cardiovascular system. We investigated the underlying ceRNA network involving circHIPK3 in myocardial infarction (MI). After an MI model was established, cardiac function was verified, and myocardial tissue damage in mice with MI was evaluated.

[Research Progress of Anti-angiogenic Agents Combined with Immunotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer].

Lung cancer has the highest incidence rate and mortality in China, even in the world, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 85%. The growth and metastasis of tumor depend on the generation of blood vessels, and anti-angiogenic therapy is playing an increasingly important role, however, no significant improvement was observed in the underwent anti-angiogenic agents used for patients alone. In recent years, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has significantly improved the prognosis of some lung cancer patients, however, the objective response rate of patients receiving ICI alone is low.

Case Report: Therapeutic Response to Chemo-Immunotherapy in an Advanced Large Cell Lung Carcinoma Patient With Low Values of Multiple Predictive Biomarkers.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatments of lung cancers, and multiple predictive biomarkers alone or in combination help clinicians with the appropriate therapeutic selections. Recently, chemo-immunotherapy has been recommended for treating advanced non-small cell lung cancers in patients without driver mutations. However, the clinical relevance of predictive biomarkers and the treatment efficacy of chemo-immunotherapy in large cell lung carcinoma (LCLC) remain unclear.

Dacomitinib induces objective responses in metastatic brain lesions of patients with EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer: A brief report.

Objective: Dacomitinib is a potent, irreversible and pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, evidence of its activity on brain metastasis is lacking.

Materials And Methods: NSCLC patients diagnosed at Hunan Cancer Hospital between July, 2019 and July, 2020 with enhanced MRI-detected brain metastasis prior to treatment and laboratory-confirmed EGFR mutations were reviewed.

The effect of glucocorticoids on serum cystatin C in identifying acute kidney injury: a propensity-matched cohort study.

Background: Glucocorticoids may impact the accuracy of serum cystatin C (sCysC) in reflecting renal function. We aimed to assess the effect of glucocorticoids on the performance of sCysC in detecting acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients.

Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was performed in a general intensive care unit (ICU).

Peripheral Blood Biomarkers Associated With Outcome in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Nivolumab and Durvalumab Monotherapy.

Selecting patients who potentially benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is critical. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) protein immunohistochemical expression on cancer cells or immune cells and next-generation sequencing-based tumor mutational burden (TMB) are hot spots in studies on ICIs, but there is still confusion in the testing methods. Because blood samples are much easier for clinical application, many potential peripheral biomarkers have been proposed.

[Research Progress of Immunotherapy and Prognostic Markers in Small Cell Lung Cancer].

The efficacy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been obviously improved recent years, while the survival of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients remains inferior for limit treatment options. The incidence of SCLC accounts for 15% of the overall incidence of lung cancer, and it is characterized with high malignancy, rapid growth, early widespread metastasis, making it very difficult to treat. With the approval of immunotherapy for a variety of solid tumors including NSCLC, as a relatively immunogenic cancer species, relevant clinical researchs on SCLC are also underway and have made certain progress.

Rat mRNA expression profiles associated with inhibition of ischemic acute kidney injury by losartan.

: Losartan was reported to inhibit the progression of acute kidney injury (AKI), but little is known about the underlying pharmacological mechanisms. In the present study, the mRNA expression profiles in ischemic AKI rat kidney altered by losartan treatment were analyzed by next-generation deep sequencing technology.: Ischemia and reperfusion treatment was applied to induce AKI in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

[Effects of no-tillage on soil water content and physical properties of spring corn fields in semiarid region of northern China].

Field experiments were conducted in 2006-2008 to study the effects of no-tillage on the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil water content and related soil physical properties in spring corn fields in Beijing region during growth season. In study period, the water storage in 0-100 cm soil layer in tillage and no-tillage treatments had the same variation trend with time and precipitation, but the water storage at different time periods and under different precipitations was 2.7%-30.