Real-world data for the availability of pediatric medicines in Chinese hospitals: a multi-center survey and analysis.

No information exists on the availability of pediatric medicines in China. This study aimed to access the availability of different types of pediatric medicine and determine their ratio in medical institution drug catalogs. Based on drug instructions, an expert meeting method was used to divide pediatric medicines into five categories: child-specific medicine (CSM), co-use medicine for adults and children (CMAC), other pediatric medicines (OCM), off-label medicine use (OMU), and non-child medicine (NM).

Progression of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by a slow progression and caused by the inhalation of harmful particulate matter. Cigarette smoke and air pollutants are the primary contributing factors. Currently, the pathogenesis of COPD remains incompletely understood.

Coated microneedles mediated intradermal delivery of octaarginine/BRAF siRNA nanocomplexes for anti-melanoma treatment.

BRAF is the most frequently mutated gene in skin melanoma. Applying BRAF siRNA (siBraf) to silencing BRAF gene is a current frontline therapy for melanoma. However, delivery of macromolecular siRNA into the tumor site and introduction of siRNA into the tumor cells remain as challenges.

Intradermal delivery of STAT3 siRNA to treat melanoma via dissolving microneedles.

Hyperactivity of signal transducer and activity of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a crucial role in melanoma invasion and metastasis. Gene therapy applying siRNA targeting STAT3 is a potential therapeutic strategy for melanoma. In this article, we first fabricated safe and novel dissolving microneedles (MNs) for topical application of STAT3 siRNA to enhance the skin penetration of siRNA and used polyethylenimine (PEI, 25 kDa) as carrier to improve cellular uptake of siRNA.

Tacrolimus nanoparticles based on chitosan combined with nicotinamide: enhancing percutaneous delivery and treatment efficacy for atopic dermatitis and reducing dose.

Background: Topical application of tacrolimus (FK506) was effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD); however, adverse effects frequently occurred with the increase of FK506 dose during long-term treatment.

Objective: The objective of this project was to develop a hybrid skin targeting system encapsulating FK506 based on nicotinamide (NIC) and chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs), ie, FK506-NIC-CS-NPs, which took advantages of both of NIC and CS-NPs to obtain the synergetic effects of percutaneous delivery and treatment efficacy enhancement along with dose reduction.

Methods: The formulation of FK506-NIC-CS-NPs was optimized and characterized.

Dual roles of TPGS based microemulsion for tacrolimus: Enhancing the percutaneous delivery and anti-psoriatic efficacy.

In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the dual roles of Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate (TPGS) based microemulsion (ME) for tacrolimus (TAC) to enhance TAC percutaneous delivery and anti-psoriatic efficacy. The ME formulation was developed and optimized based on pseudo-ternary phase diagrams combined with in vitro permeation. The result of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated that TAC was completely solubilized in the TPGS-ME.

Effects of nanoparticles with hydrotropic nicotinamide on tacrolimus: permeability through psoriatic skin and antipsoriatic and antiproliferative activities.

The hybrid system based on nanoparticles (NPs) self-assembled by the conjugations of hyaluronic acid with cholesterol (HA-Chol NPs) combined with nicotinamide (NIC) for tacrolimus (FK506), ie, FK506 NPs-NIC, has been confirmed to exhibit a significant synergistic effect on FK506 permeation through and into intact skin; thus, it may be a promising approach for FK506 to effectively treat skin diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate its potential for the treatment of psoriasis. In vitro permeation through the psoriatic skin was carried out, and the results revealed that the combination of NPs with NIC exhibited a significant synergistic effect on FK506 deposition within the psoriatic skin (3.

Combination of hydrotropic nicotinamide with nanoparticles for enhancing tacrolimus percutaneous delivery.

Tacrolimus (FK506), an effective immunosuppressant for treating inflammatory skin diseases, hardly penetrates into and through the skin owing to its high hydrophobicity and molecular weight. The aim of this study was to develop a hybrid system based on nicotinamide (NIC) and nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating FK506, such as FK506-NPs-NIC, for facilitating percutaneous delivery, which exploited virtues of both NIC and NPs to obtain the synergetic effect. Solubility and percutaneous permeation studies were carried out.