Clinical Characteristics and Epidemiological Analysis of Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia Infection in Kidney Transplant Patients with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Dose Reduction Prophylaxis Strategy.

Background: The administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) has proven to be highly efficacious in individuals who have undergone kidney transplantation. Nevertheless, the potential for severe adverse reactions associated with this treatment cannot be overlooked, and the determination of an optimal dosage regimen continues to be a matter of investigation. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of low-dose TMP-SMX for PJP prophylaxis in kidney transplant patients and conducted an analysis of the clinical characteristics and epidemiological trends in patients with PJP infection.

Assessment of the Potential Adverse Events Related to Ribavirin-Interferon Combination for Novel Coronavirus Therapy.

Purpose: We aimed to analyze and evaluate the safety signals of ribavirin-interferon combination through data mining of the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), so as to provide reference for the rationale use of these agents in the management of relevant toxicities emerging in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19).

Methods: Reports to the FAERS from 1 January 2004 to 8 March 2020 were analyzed. The proportion of report ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio (ROR), and Bayesian confidence interval progressive neural network (BCPNN) method were used to detect the safety signals.

Improvement in Hypertension Management with Pharmacological and Non- Pharmacological Approaches: Current Perspectives.

Purpose: Improving hypertension management is still one of the biggest challenges in public health worldwide. Existing guidelines do not reach a consensus on the optimal Blood Pressure (BP) target. Therefore, how to effectively manage hypertension based on individual characteristics of patients, combined with the pharmacological and non-pharmacological approach, has become a problem to be urgently considered.

[Establishment of a rapid identification of adverse drug reaction program in R language implementation based on monitoring data].

Objective: To establish a clinically applicable model of rapid identification of adverse drug reaction program (RiADP) for risk management and decision-making of clinical drug use.

Methods: Based on the theory of disproportion analysis, frequency method and Bayes method, a clinically applicable RiADP model in R language background was established, and the parameters of the model were interpreted by MedDRA coding. Based on the actual monitoring data of FDA, the model was validated by the assessing hepatotoxicity of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r).

The Role of the Sodium-taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and Bile Salt Export Pump (BSEP) in Related Liver Disease.

Background: Sodium Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and Bile Salt Export Pump (BSEP) play significant roles as membrane transporters because of their presence in the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. They have emerged as promising drug targets in related liver disease.

Methods: We reviewed the literature published over the last 20 years with a focus on NTCP and BSEP.

Identification of key gene pathways and coexpression networks of islets in human type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: The number of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is growing rapidly worldwide. Islet β-cell dysfunction and failure are the main causes of T2D pathological processes. The aim of this study was to elucidate the underlying pathways and coexpression networks in T2D islets.

Chicken interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) involved in antiviral innate immunity via regulating IFN-β production.

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) is an important family for IFN expression regulating while viral infection. IRF1, IRF3, and IRF7 are the primary regulators that trigger type I IFN response in mammals. However, IRF3, which has been identified as the most critical regulator in mammals, is absent in chickens, and it is unknown whether IRF1 is involved in type I IFN signaling pathways in IRF3-deficient chicken cells.

Predictors of functional outcome and hemorrhagic complications in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis - A retrospective analysis .

Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) within 4.5 hours is an effective and routine therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The purpose of the study was to identify predictors of functional outcome at 3 months and hemorrhagic complications after IVT.

H-NS Mutation-Mediated CRISPR-Cas Activation Inhibits Phage Release and Toxin Production of Stx2 Phage Lysogen.

Shiga toxin-converting bacteriophages (Stx phages) carry the gene and convert nonpathogenic bacterial strains into Shiga toxin-producing bacteria. There is limited understanding of the effect that an () clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas adaptive immune system has on Stx phage lysogen. We investigated heat-stable nucleoid-structuring (H-NS) mutation-mediated CRISPR-Cas activation and its effect on Stx2 phage lysogen.

[Inhibitory effects of astragaloside IV on cytochrome P450 enzyme of rat liver microsomes].

Objective: To provide a scientific basis for the drug-combination and aim to examine whether astragaloside IV has the impact on the cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Method: Tolbutamide, chlorzoxazone, coumarin, nifedipine, and phenacetin were as probe substrates of rat CYP2C9, CYP2E1, CYP2A6, CYP3A4, and CYP1A2, and were incubated in rat liver microsomes with astragaloside IV. Triplicate samples were run to generate IC50 value by incubating P450 probe substrates in the presence of five concentrations of astragaloside IV in the incubation mixture.