Glucose limitation protects cancer cells from apoptosis induced by pyrimidine restriction and replication inhibition.

Cancer cells often experience nutrient-limiting conditions because of their robust proliferation and inadequate tumour vasculature, which results in metabolic adaptation to sustain proliferation. Most cancer cells rapidly consume glucose, which is severely reduced in the nutrient-scarce tumour microenvironment. In CRISPR-based genetic screens to identify metabolic pathways influenced by glucose restriction, we find that tumour-relevant glucose concentrations (low glucose) protect cancer cells from inhibition of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, a pathway that is frequently targeted by chemotherapy.

Honey-fried licorice in the treatment of arrhythmia: Structure elucidation and the mechanism of antiarrhythmic activity.

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the therapeutic mechanism of Honey-fried licorice on arrhythmia, to explore the distribution of main components of Honey-fried licorice in vivo before and after processing, and to elucidate the active ingredient of Honey-fried licorice on arrhythmia.

Materials And Methods: UPLC-Q-TOF/MS were used to analyze the common and different components of raw and honey-fried licorice before and after processing. Yin deficiency syndrome was established by continuous irritability and water platform sleep deprivation, and then ventricular arrhythmia model was established by injection of calcium chloride into the tail vein.

Large-mode-area Nd-doped anti-resonant phosphate fiber for high-power single-mode 900 nm laser generation.

In this work, we propose an Nd-doped double-layer anti-resonant phosphate fiber with a core diameter of 50 µm for high-power single-mode 900 nm laser generation. Double-layer interlaced anti-resonant elements were designed here to enhance the fundamental mode confinement capability of the large-mode-area Nd-doped fiber core. Moreover, a double-layer F-P etalon formed between the anti-resonant elements and the inner cladding was analyzed for the first time for fiber loss manipulation.

Effect of the ten-year fishing ban on change of phytoplankton community structure: Insights from the Gan River.

The Yangtze River is one of the largest riverine ecosystems in the world and is a biodiversity hotspot. In recent years, this river ecosystem has undergone rapid habitat deterioration due to anthropogenic disturbances, leading to a decrease in freshwater biodiversity. Owing to these anthropogenic impacts, the Chinese government imposed a "Ten-year fishing ban" (TYFB) in the Yangtze River and its tributaries.

In-depth transcriptome and physiological function analysis reveals the toxicology of sodium fluoride in the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea.

Fluoride is an environmental pollutant that severely injures various organisms in ecosystems. Herein, the non-target organism, fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea), was used to determine the toxicological mechanism of NaF exposure. In this study, H.

Effect of Licorice polysaccharides before and after honey-processing on improving chronic fatigue syndrome and its mechanism.

Honey-processed Licorice, a type of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome processed with honey, is renowned for its superior effectiveness in tonifying the spleen and invigorating Qi compared to the raw product. Our previous research showed that flavonoids and saponins in licorice changed after processing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of chemical composition and biological activity of polysaccharides after processing.

Dormant origin firing promotes head-on transcription-replication conflicts at transcription termination sites in response to BRCA2 deficiency.

BRCA2 is a tumor suppressor protein responsible for safeguarding the cellular genome from replication stress and genotoxicity, but the specific mechanism(s) by which this is achieved to prevent early oncogenesis remains unclear. Here, we provide evidence that BRCA2 acts as a critical suppressor of head-on transcription-replication conflicts (HO-TRCs). Using Okazaki-fragment sequencing (Ok-seq) and computational analysis, we identified origins (dormant origins) that are activated near the transcription termination sites (TTS) of highly expressed, long genes in response to replication stress.

Research progress on ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacological action, and applications of Engelhardia roxburghiana Wall: a review.

Objectives: Engelhardia roxburghiana Wall is a plant of the Juglandaceae family, and its leaves is the main part used as a medicine. It is used to relieve heat and pain, gasification, and dampness. The purpose of this review is to provide a systematic review about the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of this plant.

Hypoxia promotes metastasis by relieving miR-598-3p-restricted glycolysis in gastric cancer.

The activation of glycolysis, particularly in the context of reprogrammed energy metabolism, is increasingly recognized as a significant characteristic of cancer. However, the precise mechanisms by which glycolysis is promoted in metastatic gastric cancer cells under normal oxygen conditions remain poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the development of malignant phenotypes in gastric cancer.

Insights into Q-markers of honey-fried licorice in treating spleen deficiency based on substance and energy metabolism regulation.

Background: Honey-fried Licorice (HFL) is a dosage form of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome processed with honey, which has been recorded to exhibit better efficacy in tonifying the spleen compared to the raw product. In contrast, different processing methods of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome exhibit different efficacies and applications, but their current quality control index components remain consistent.

Purpose: Based on the discovery and research strategy of traditional Chinese medicine decoction piece quality marker (Q-marker), this study aimed to conduct a multidimensional integration of constituents absorbed into the body and metabolomics based on the tonifying spleen and stomach effects of HFL to effectively identify the Q-marker of HFL.

Neurexin dysfunction in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders: a PRIMSA-based systematic review through iPSC and animal models.

Background: Neurexins, essential synaptic proteins, are linked to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia.

Objective: Through this systematic review, we aimed to shed light on the relationship between neurexin dysfunction and its implications in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Both animal and human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) models served as our primary investigative platforms.

Ubiquitin E3 ligase SPOP is a host negative regulator of enterovirus 71-encoded 2A protease.

EV71 poses a significant health threat to children aged 5 and below. The process of EV71 infection and replication is predominantly influenced by ubiquitination modifications. Our previous findings indicate that EV71 prompts the activation of host deubiquitinating enzymes, thereby impeding the host interferon signaling pathway as a means of evading the immune response.

Mume Fructus (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) extract accelerates colonic mucosal healing of mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium through potentiation of cPLA2-mediated lysophosphatidylcholine synthesis.

Background: Mume Fructus (MF) is the fruit of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc, a plant of Rosaceae family. Previous studies demonstrated that MF was capable of ameliorating ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice, its action mechanism needs to be clarified.

Cholinergic dysfunction-induced insufficient activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor drives the development of rheumatoid arthritis through promoting protein citrullination the SP3/PAD4 pathway.

Both cholinergic dysfunction and protein citrullination are the hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the relationship between the two phenomena remains unclear. We explored whether and how cholinergic dysfunction accelerates protein citrullination and consequently drives the development of RA. Cholinergic function and protein citrullination levels in patients with RA and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice were collected.

mTOR inhibition suppresses Myc-driven polyposis by inducing immunogenic cell death.

Myc is a key driver of colorectal cancer initiation and progression, but remains a difficult drug target. In this study, we show that mTOR inhibition potently suppresses intestinal polyp formation, regresses established polyps, and prolongs lifespan of APC mice. Everolimus in diet strongly reduces p-4EBP1, p-S6, and Myc levels, and induces apoptosis of cells with activated β-catenin (p-S552) in the polyps on day 3.

Regulation of external electric field on sensitivity of ICM energetic materials.

Context: [2,2'-Bi(1,3,4-oxadiazole)]-5,5'-dinitramide (ICM-101), 2,4,6-triamino-5-nitropyrimidine-1,3-dioxide (ICM-102), and 6-nitro-7-azido-pyrazol[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazine-2-oxide (ICM-103) are excellent China-made explosives, but their performance under external electric fields (EEF) has never been explored, especially sensitivity. To study the induction effect of EEF on it, the chemical reactivity, electron localization function (ELF), spectrum, and other parameters were calculated by density functional theory. The results show that the increasing EEF can weaken the △E (△E = E-E) materials, making the stability worse and the sensitivity higher.

Investigation of the Effects of Glabridin on the Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Migration of the Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines SW480 and SW620 and Its Mechanism Based on Reverse Virtual Screening and Proteomics.

Colon cancer is a relatively common malignant tumor of the digestive tract. Currently, most colon cancers originate from adenoma carcinogenesis. By screening various licorice flavonoids with anticancer effects, we found that glabridin (GBN) has a prominent anticolon cancer effect.

Oncopreventive and Oncotherapeutic Potential of Licorice Chalcone Compounds: Molecular Insights.

Background: Licorice is an important traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in clinical practice and contains more than 300 flavonoids. Chalcone is one of the main types of flavonoids with a wide range of biological functions and pharmacological activities. In the anticancer research, chalcone compounds have shown excellent performance.

Structural transformation of methyl urotropine perchlorate under high pressure.

Based on the first-principles calculations of density functional theory (DFT), the crystal structure, molecular structure, electronic properties, and optical absorption properties of methyl urotropine perchlorate under hydrostatic compression in the range of 0 ~ 100 GPa were calculated. The results show that the crystal structure of methyl urotropine perchlorate undergoes two structural transformations under hydrostatic compression. The H1A-H1B bond breaks at 25 GPa, generating two new covalent bonds N3-H1A and O1-H1B.

Erbium-doped ZBLAN fiber laser pumped at 1.7 µm for emission at 2.8 µm.

In this paper, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, efficient pump scheme for an erbium-doped fluoride fiber laser with emission at 2.8 µm in the mid-infrared region is proposed and demonstrated. A singular pump source at 1.

Update on new trend and progress of the mechanism of polysaccharides in the intervention of Alzheimer's disease, based on the new understanding of relevant theories: A review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset and progressive progression, is the main type of dementia. Currently, there is no specific cure for the disease. At the same time, a series of drug developments based on the classic theory, the Aβ cascade hypothesis, have not completed phase III clinical trials, challenging the hypothesis.

(Bge.) Regel: A Systematic Review on Anticancer of Its Pharmacological Properties, Clinical Researches and Pharmacokinetic Studies.

Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel (PC) is one of the most commonly used Chinese medicines and has a history of thousands of years. This article reviews the research results of anti-cancer activity and its mechanism of action obtained from experimental, clinical, pharmacokinetic and bioinformatic studies in recent years.

Saikosaponin B4 Suppression Cancer Progression by Inhibiting SW480 and SW620 Cells Proliferation via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Colon Cancer.

Background: Colon cancer is a gastrointestinal malignancy with high incidence and poor prognosis.

Objective: Saikosaponin B4 (SSB4) is a monomeric component of the Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Bupleurum. The current study investigates the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of SSB4 in colon cancer.