Safety evaluation of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine as a novel food.

To evaluate the safety of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (α-GPC) as a novel food, the study of acute oral toxicity, subchronic toxicity, teratogenic toxicity and genotoxicity were conducted. In acute oral toxicity, no toxic effects were observed in rats of both genders administrated 10.0 g/kg BW α-GPC.

A thaumatin-like effector protein suppresses the rust resistance of wheat and promotes the pathogenicity of Puccinia triticina by targeting TaRCA.

Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) in plants play a crucial role in combating stress, and they have been proven to possess antifungal properties. However, the role of TLPs in pathogens has not been reported. We identified a effector protein, Pt9029, which contained a Thaumatin domain in Puccinia triticina (Pt), possessing a chloroplast transit peptide and localized in the chloroplasts.

Wheat Leaf Rust Fungus Effector Protein Pt1641 Is Avirulent to TcLr1.

Wheat leaf rust fungus is an obligate parasitic fungus that can absorb nutrients from its host plant through haustoria and secrete effector proteins into host cells. The effector proteins are crucial factors for pathogenesis as well as targets for host disease resistance protein recognition. Exploring the role of effector proteins in the pathogenic process of () is of great significance for unraveling its pathogenic mechanisms.

Effector Pt9226 from Presents a Virulence Role in Wheat Line TcLr15.

Effectors are considered to be virulence factors secreted by pathogens, which play an important role during host-pathogen interactions. In this study, the candidate effector Pt9226 was cloned from genomic DNA of () pathotype THTT, and there were six exons and five introns in the 877 bp sequence, with the corresponding open reading frame of 447 bp in length, encoding a protein of 148 amino acids. There was only one polymorphic locus of I142V among the six pathotypes analyzed.

The molecular structure, biological roles, and inhibition of plant pathogenic fungal chitin deacetylases.

Chitin/polysaccharide deacetylases belong to the carbohydrate esterases family 4 (CE4 enzymes). They play a crucial role in modifying the physiochemical characteristics of structural polysaccharides and are also involved in a wide range of biological processes such as fungal autolysis, spore formation, cell wall formation and integrity, and germling adhesion. These enzymes are mostly common in fungi, marine bacteria, and a limited number of insects.

Acute and subchronic oral toxicity study of oil in Wistar rats.

Objective: The aim of these studies was to ascertain if oil is harmful in both the acute and subchronic states.

Methods: Wistar rats of both sexes were used in an acute toxicity test, and the fatal dosage (LD50) of oral oil was greater than 27.6 g/kg bw.

The Underexplored Mechanisms of Wheat Resistance to Leaf Rust.

Wheat leaf rust, caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Eriks. (), is one of the most common wheat foliar diseases that continuously threatens global wheat production. Currently, the approaches used to mitigate pathogen infestation include the application of fungicides and the deployment of resistance genes or cultivars.

Extended one generation reproductive toxicity study and effect on gut flora of genetically modified rice rich in β-carotene in wistar rats.

To evaluate the reproductive toxicity of gene modified rice generated by introducing phytoene synthase (Psy) and bacterial phytoene desaturase (CrtI) from maize and Erwinia uredovora, Wistar rats were allocated into 3 groups and fed with Psy and CrtI gene modified rice mixture diet (GM group), non-gene modified rice mixture diet (non-GM group), and AIN-93 diet (Blank control group) from parental generation (F0) to the offsprings (F1). GM rice, Heijinmi (HJM) and Non-GM rice, Heishuai (HS), were both formulated into diets at ratios of 73.5% and 75.

Wheat leaf rust fungus effector Pt13024 is avirulent to TcLr30.

Wheat leaf rust, caused by Eriks. (), is a global wheat disease threatening wheat production. Dissecting how effector proteins interact with wheat has great significance in understanding the pathogenicity mechanisms of .

First Report of Fusarium nygamai Causing Crown Rot of Wheat in China.

Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is an important disease on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) all over the world. Fusarium pseudograminearum is reported the main causal agent of FCR in China (Deng et al.

Detection of fungicide resistance to fludioxonil and tebuconazole in , the causal agent of Fusarium crown rot in wheat.

crown rot (FCR) on wheat is a soil-borne disease that affects the yield and quality of the produce. In 2020, 297 isolates were isolated from diseased FCR wheat samples from eight regional areas across Hebei Province in China. Baseline sensitivity of to fludioxonil (0.

Fungal Secondary Metabolites and Small RNAs Enhance Pathogenicity during Plant-Fungal Pathogen Interactions.

Fungal plant pathogens use proteinaceous effectors as well as newly identified secondary metabolites (SMs) and small non-coding RNA (sRNA) effectors to manipulate the host plant's defense system via diverse plant cell compartments, distinct organelles, and many host genes. However, most molecular studies of plant-fungal interactions have focused on secreted effector proteins without exploring the possibly equivalent functions performed by fungal (SMs) and sRNAs, which are collectively known as "non-proteinaceous effectors". Fungal SMs have been shown to be generated throughout the plant colonization process, particularly in the early biotrophic stages of infection.

Combating powdery mildew: Advances in molecular interactions between f. sp. and wheat.

Wheat powdery mildew caused by a biotrophic fungus f. sp. (), is a widespread airborne disease which continues to threaten global wheat production.

Harnessing genetic resistance to rusts in wheat and integrated rust management methods to develop more durable resistant cultivars.

Wheat is one of the most important staple foods on earth. Leaf rust, stem rust and stripe rust, caused by , f. sp.

First Report of Anthracnose on Chili Pepper Caused by Colletotrichum sojae in Hebei Province, China.

China is the largest chili pepper producing country, and Hebei Province stands out as the forth with planting area at about 1500 km2 in China. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is susceptible to Colletotrichum spp.

Study on chronic toxicity of rhubarb extract in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of rhubarb extract.

Methods: SD rats were treated with rhubarb extract at 0, 101, 405 and 1620 mg/kg/day for 52 weeks. food consumption and body weights were recorded.

The haustorium: The root of biotrophic fungal pathogens.

Biotrophic plant pathogenic fungi are among the dreadful pathogens that continuously threaten the production of economically important crops. The interaction of biotrophic fungal pathogens with their hosts necessitates the development of unique infection mechanisms and involvement of various virulence-associated components. Biotrophic plant pathogenic fungi have an exceptional lifestyle that supports nutrient acquisition from cells of a living host and are fully dependent on the host for successful completion of their life cycle.

Boosted photocatalytic hydrogen production over two-dimensional/two-dimensional TaN/ReS van der Waals heterojunctions.

Currently, two-dimensional/two-dimensional (2D/2D) van der Waals heterojunctions, as novel and excellent candidates for photocatalysts, have attracted significant attention because of their fundamentally improved interfacial charge separation/transfer and massive reactive centers. Herein, novel 2D/2D TaN-nanosheet/ReS-nanosheet van der Waals heterojunction photocatalysts are rationally designed through a method combining template-assisted and solution-adsorption processes. The resultant heterojunctions exhibit enhanced interfacial charge transfer, boosted light absorption and significantly increased reaction sites for hydrogen evolution.

Highly Efficient and Selective Visible-Light Driven Photoreduction of CO to CO by Metal-Organic Frameworks-Derived NiCoO Porous Microrods.

Photocatalytic CO reduction by solar energy into carbonaceous feedstock chemicals is recognized as one of the effective ways to mitigate both the energy crisis and greenhouse effect, which fundamentally relies on the development of advanced photocatalysts. Here, the exploration of porous microrod photocatalysts based on novel NiCoO solid solutions derived from bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is reported. They exhibit overall enhanced photocatalytic performance with both high activity and remarkable selectivity for reducing CO into CO under visible-light irradiation, which are superior to most related photocatalysts reported.

Subchronic Toxicity of GmDREB3 Gene Modified Wheat in the Third Generation Wistar Rats.

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of GmDREB3 gene modified wheat in the third generation rats. SPF Wistar rats were fed with transgenic wheat diet (Gm), parental wheat diet (Jimai22) and AIN-93 rodent diet (Control), respectively, for two generations, to produce the third generation rats which were used for this study. The selected fresh weaned offspring rats (20/sex/group) were given the same diet as their parents for 13 weeks.

Infection Strategies and Pathogenicity of Biotrophic Plant Fungal Pathogens.

Biotrophic plant pathogenic fungi are widely distributed and are among the most damaging pathogenic organisms of agriculturally important crops responsible for significant losses in quality and yield. However, the pathogenesis of obligate parasitic pathogenic microorganisms is still under investigation because they cannot reproduce and complete their life cycle on an artificial medium. The successful lifestyle of biotrophic fungal pathogens depends on their ability to secrete effector proteins to manipulate or evade plant defense response.

Influences of Unmodified and Carboxylated Carbon Nanotubes on Lipid Profiles in THP-1 Macrophages: A Lipidomics Study.

Since the possible roles of surface modifications in determining multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-promoted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated lipid-laden macrophage foam cell formation are still in debate, we compared unmodified and carboxylated MWCNT-induced cytotoxicity, lipid profile changes, and expression of ER stress genes in THP-1 macrophages. Particularly, we focused on lipid profile changes by using lipidomics approaches. We found that unmodified and carboxylated MWCNTs significantly decreased cellular viability and appeared to damage the cellular membrane to a similar extent.

An Intelligent Method for Predicting the Pressure Coefficient Curve of Airfoil-Based Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks.

Recently, extensive studies have focused on analyzing aerodynamic performance due to its important impact on aircraft design. Most of these works compute the aerodynamic coefficient of the airfoil through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, which is too time-consuming. To reduce the computational time required, some intelligence-based methods have been presented.

Subchronic Oral Toxicity Study of Genetically Modified Rice Rich in β-Carotene in Wistar Rats.

(1) Background: a hybrid black rice rich in β-carotene carrying the and genes (HJM) was evaluated in Wistar rats by a 90-day feeding study, aiming to assess its dietary safety. (2) Methods: the HJM rice and its parental line HS were included in rats' diets at levels of 73.5% and 75.

Two generation reproduction toxicity study of GmDREB3 gene modified wheat in Wistar rats.

To study reproductive toxicity of gene modified wheat generated by introducing DREB3 (drought response element binding protein 3) gene, Wistar rats of were allocated into 3 groups and fed with DREB3 gene modified wheat mixture diet (GM group), non-gene modified wheat mixture diet (Non-GM group) and AIN-93 diet (Control group) from parental generation (F0) to the second offspring (F2). GM wheat and Non-GM wheat, Jimai22, were both formulated into diets at a ratio of 69.55% according to AIN93 diet for rodent animals.